Alan collects data about the students in his class. He records their hair color and whether they have freckles.
Alan's data collection includes the following information:
- Hair color: Alan records the hair color of each student in his class. This could include categories such as: blonde, brown, black, red, etc. He may record this information to analyze patterns or make observations about the distribution of hair colors in his class.
- Freckles: Alan also records whether each student has freckles or not. This is binary data, meaning he either records "yes" or "no" for each student. He may be interested in studying the prevalence of freckles among his classmates or exploring any potential correlation between freckles and other traits.
By collecting this data, Alan can analyze and draw conclusions about the characteristics of the students in his class, such as how many students have blonde hair and freckles, or if there are any relationships between hair color and freckles.
a. P(freckles)
b. P(blonde hair or red hair)
c. P(freckles and brown hair
d. P(no freckles|red hair
a. P(freckles): This refers to the probability of a student having freckles. To calculate this, Alan would divide the number of students with freckles by the total number of students in the class.
b. P(blonde hair or red hair): This refers to the probability of a student having either blonde hair or red hair. To calculate this, Alan would add the number of students with blonde hair and the number of students with red hair, and then divide that sum by the total number of students in the class.
c. P(freckles and brown hair): This refers to the probability of a student having both freckles and brown hair. To calculate this, Alan would divide the number of students who have both freckles and brown hair by the total number of students in the class.
d. P(no freckles|red hair): This refers to the probability of a student not having freckles given that they have red hair. To calculate this, Alan would divide the number of students with red hair and no freckles by the total number of students with red hair.