Write 3–5 sentences investigating the cultural, political, technological, and economic changes and continuities between the Olmec and Mayan civilizations...
The Olmec civilization, which emerged around 1500 BCE, laid the foundation for many aspects of Mayan culture that followed. Both civilizations shared a strong focus on agriculture and worshipped similar gods, such as the maize god and the jaguar god. They also constructed impressive ceremonial and architectural structures, indicating a continuity in their religious and cultural practices.
However, the Mayan civilization, which thrived between 250 CE and 900 CE, featured several technological and cultural advancements that differed from the earlier Olmec society. The Mayans built elaborate cities with advanced infrastructure, including reservoirs and irrigation systems, showcasing their engineering skills. Additionally, the Mayans developed an intricate writing system based on hieroglyphics, while the Olmec lacked a similar system of writing.
Politically, the Mayans organized themselves into independent city-states and engaged in frequent warfare. In contrast, the Olmec civilization did not have a clearly defined political structure, leading archaeologists to debate whether it was a state or a loose collection of chiefdoms. Economically, both civilizations relied heavily on agriculture, specifically cultivating maize as a staple crop, although the Mayans expanded their agricultural practices to include terraced farming in the highlands.
Overall, while the Mayan civilization built upon the foundations set by the Olmec in terms of culture and religion, it also brought forth technological advancements, developed a complex political system, and expanded agricultural practices, setting them apart from their predecessors.