The main process that all volcanoes have in common, regardless of their specific formation, is the release of molten rock or magma from the Earth's mantle and/or crust. This molten rock, known as lava when it reaches the surface, is expelled through openings in the Earth's surface called vents or volcanoes. The process, known as volcanic eruption, involves the transfer of heat and materials from the Earth's interior to the surface, resulting in the formation of volcanic landforms.
