Imagine you investigated the works of Igor Stravinsky, James Joyce, and Luigi Pirandello. Which of the following post-World War I values and developments were reflected in their work?
1) Disillusionment with traditional values and institutions: All three artists reflected a sense of disillusionment with traditional values and institutions in their work. Stravinsky, in his composition "The Rite of Spring," challenged traditional musical forms and structures, while both Joyce and Pirandello, in their respective works, "Ulysses" and "Six Characters in Search of an Author," questioned conventional narrative and theatrical conventions.
2) Fragmentation and uncertainty: Stravinsky, Joyce, and Pirandello all embraced elements of fragmentation and uncertainty in their works. Stravinsky's use of polyrhythms and shifting tonalities in compositions like "The Rite of Spring" reflected a sense of fragmented and dissonant musical language. Likewise, Joyce's stream-of-consciousness technique in "Ulysses" and Pirandello's exploration of multiple perspectives and shifting realities in "Six Characters in Search of an Author" reflected a fragmented and uncertain view of the world.
3) Emphasis on individual subjectivity and subjective experience: Stravinsky, Joyce, and Pirandello all emphasized the importance of individual subjectivity and subjective experience in their works. Stravinsky's exploration of primal instincts and emotions in "The Rite of Spring" highlighted the individual's inner world. Joyce's portrayal of the inner thoughts and consciousness of his characters in "Ulysses" focused on individual subjectivity. Similarly, Pirandello's examination of the complex nature of identity and the role of theater in representing individual experiences in "Six Characters in Search of an Author" emphasized subjective experiences.
4) Experimentation and avant-garde movements: All three artists were associated with experimentation and avant-garde movements in their respective fields. Stravinsky, as a key figure of the musical movement known as neoclassicism, challenged traditional tonalities and structures. Joyce's innovative narrative techniques and incorporation of various styles and languages in "Ulysses" were pioneering in the literary sphere. Pirandello's exploration of metatheatre and blurring the boundaries between reality and illusion in "Six Characters in Search of an Author" reflected his experimental approach to theater.
Overall, the works of Stravinsky, Joyce, and Pirandello reflected post-World War I values and developments such as disillusionment with traditional values, fragmentation and uncertainty, emphasis on individual subjectivity, and experimentation in the arts.