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Under Pressure: The Life of a Blobfish
A pink blobfish in its ocean habitat.
It is generally the "cute" animals that receive the most attention from humans: the ones with fuzzy faces and big, friendly smiles. The blobfish, with its jelly-like body and exaggerated features, is not an animal that most people would describe as cute. In fact, it was once voted the world's ugliest animal. Yet this unusual and mysterious creature has managed to capture the attention, and even the hearts, of scientists and animal lovers around the world.
Scientists first discovered the blobfish in 1983 when one was accidentally caught by a research vessel off the coast of New Zealand. Based on samples that have since been collected, scientists have determined that these fish live two to four thousand feet below sea level—a place of extreme cold and almost complete darkness. The pressure in this inhospitable environment is estimated to be about one hundred times the pressure at sea level, which makes it very difficult for humans to explore.
The intense pressure of living so far below the surface contributes to the blobfish's unusual appearance and body composition. In its own environment, the blobfish looks similar to a typical shallow-water fish, with a distinct head, tail, and fins. But whenever it is removed from this high-pressure habitat, its skin relaxes and its features distort. One particularly famous depressurized blobfish specimen—nicknamed Mr. Blobby—is located in the Australian Museum. With its wide-arching mouth and humanlike "nose," the specimen has been said to resemble a grumpy old man.
In addition to influencing its outward appearance, the blobfish's high-pressure environment has caused it to evolve with several unique internal characteristics. Unlike most shallow-water fish, the blobfish has almost no muscles or hard bones. It also has no swim bladder, which is a sac of air that allows many fish to effortlessly stay afloat while swimming. However, these abnormalities are crucial for the blobfish's life in the deep ocean, as any living creature with an unprotected air pocket or a hard skeleton would be crushed under the extreme pressure of this environment.
So, how does the blobfish swim with no swim bladder and few muscles? The short answer is that it doesn't—at least not in the traditional sense. In much the same way that a water balloon floats in a swimming pool, the blobfish has been observed floating around the bottom of the ocean, going where the current takes it. Not much is known about the blobfish's diet, but marine biologists have hypothesized that the fish is primarily a scavenger. It most likely feeds on debris that falls to the seafloor and on small creatures that venture too close to its mouth.
Another mystery about blobfish has to do with their lifespan. Based on what biologists know about other deep-sea fish, some believe that blobfish may live for over one hundred years. However, more research is needed to understand this unusual creature and the many ways it has adapted to its high-pressure home in the sea.
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