Kyoto protocol is an international agreement that has designed to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. It was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005. The goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to limit the average global temperature increase to below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels.
Under the protocol, participating countries, known as Annex I countries, commit to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by specific targets. These targets are binding and must be met within a certain timeframe. The protocol also established flexible mechanisms, such as emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism, to help countries achieve their emission reduction targets.
The Kyoto Protocol has had mixed success in achieving its objectives. Some countries have successfully reduced their emissions, while others have struggled to meet their targets. Additionally, the protocol has faced criticism for not including major emitters such as the United States and China in its initial commitments.
Despite its limitations, the Kyoto Protocol has raised awareness about the need to address climate change and has paved the way for subsequent international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. It remains an important milestone in global efforts to mitigate climate change and transition towards a low-carbon economy.