List and explain the main concern of new sociology of education theory including refrences
The new sociology of education theory emerged in response to the limitations of traditional approaches to understanding education and society. It seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between education and social structures by considering various factors, such as power dynamics, social inequality, and cultural influences. The main concerns of the new sociology of education theory can be summarized as follows:
1. Social Inequality: One major concern is the role education plays in either reproducing or challenging social inequalities. This perspective focuses on how educational systems contribute to the reproduction of existing social hierarchies, such as class, race, and gender inequalities (Bernstein, 1977). It emphasizes the differential distribution of educational resources, opportunities, and outcomes based on social background, which perpetuates social advantages or disadvantages.
2. Power Dynamics: The new sociology of education theory also examines the power dynamics within educational systems. It recognizes that education is not neutral but is influenced by power relations and political interests. This approach investigates how educational policies, practices, and curriculum reflect and perpetuate dominant ideologies and interests (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1990).
3. Educational Stratification: Another concern of this theory is educational stratification, which refers to the sorting of students into different educational tracks or levels based on their abilities or social background. Research from this perspective explores how educational systems create and/or reinforce social divisions through mechanisms like streaming, standardized testing, and school choice policies (Gamoran, 2007).
4. Cultural Reproduction: The new sociology of education theory highlights the role of culture in educational processes and outcomes. It emphasizes the cultural capital possessed by students, such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired through family socialization and cultural practices (Bourdieu, 1986). This perspective investigates how cultural factors influence educational experiences and achievement, and how educational institutions transmit specific cultural values and norms.
Overall, the new sociology of education theory aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between education and society, focusing on social inequalities, power dynamics, educational stratification, and cultural reproduction.
References:
- Bernstein, B. (1977). Class, codes, and control: Theoretical studies toward a sociology of language. Routledge.
- Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). Greenwood Press.
- Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1990). Reproduction in education, society, and culture. Sage Publications.
- Gamoran, A. (2007). Standards‐based reform and equity. In J. Ballantine & J. Spade (Eds.), Schools and society: A sociological approach to education (pp. 228-247). Pine Forge Press.