The binary number system is a numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1. It is also known as base-2 system, as opposed to the commonly used decimal system, which is a base-10 system. In the binary system, each digit represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost digit. The rightmost digit represents 2^0 (1), the next digit represents 2^1 (2), the next digit represents 2^2 (4), and so on. By combining these digits, various numbers can be represented in the binary system. For example, the binary number 1010 represents the decimal number 10. The binary system is widely used in computer science and digital electronics due to its simplicity and the ability to represent two states (0 and 1), which aligns well with the fundamental building blocks of computing.
