A pot of water is on the stove. It starts out at room temperature and then heats to boiling. How would the movement of water particles change from room temperature to boiling? How do you know this without measuring the temperature of the water?
As the water heats up from room temperature to boiling, the movement of water particles will increase. At room temperature, the water particles have relatively low energy. As heat is applied, the water particles absorb energy and start moving faster and more vigorously. This increase in kinetic energy leads to more collisions between the particles and increases the speed and randomness of their movement.
We can infer this without measuring the temperature of the water because changes in temperature generally correspond to changes in the movement of particles. When a substance is heated, the particles gain energy, leading to an increase in their average kinetic energy and consequently their movement. When water is heated, we can expect its particles to increase in speed and move more freely, even without knowing the exact temperature.