Valleys and mountain ranges form through the process of tectonic activity. Firstly, when tectonic plates collide, one plate is often forced beneath the other, creating intense pressure. This pressure can cause the crust to buckle and fold, forming mountain ranges. Secondly, when plates separate, the thinning crust can result in the formation of rift valleys. Additionally, erosion by various forces like wind, water, and glaciers can shape the landscape over millions of years, carving out valleys between mountains. The uplift of land due to tectonic activity also plays a role in the formation of mountain ranges.
