binary fission
Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction commonly observed in prokaryotes, such as bacteria and archaea. It is the simplest form of reproduction, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
The process of binary fission begins when a parent cell replicates its genetic material, forming two copies of the chromosomal DNA. The cell then elongates and undergoes cytokinesis, which is the physical division of the cell into two daughter cells.
During cytokinesis, a septum forms between the two copies of DNA, dividing the cell into equal halves. This septum eventually grows and completely separates the two cells. Finally, the cell wall and plasma membrane are formed around each daughter cell, creating two genetically identical cells.
Binary fission is a rapid and efficient form of reproduction, allowing bacteria and other prokaryotes to multiply rapidly in favorable conditions. However, it results in genetically identical offspring, limiting genetic diversity.