ATP stores some of the energy from glucose molecules during glycolysis. How is the remaining energy from these glucose molecules released?
The remaining energy from glucose molecules, after ATP has stored some of it during glycolysis, is released through further oxidative processes in the cell. Specifically, after glycolysis, if oxygen is present, the pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis enter into the mitochondria for further breakdown through aerobic respiration.
In the mitochondria, pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle). In this cycle, acetyl-CoA is oxidized, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2, which are energy-rich molecules.
The ATP generated in the citric acid cycle is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation, where a phosphate group is directly transferred to ADP to form ATP. NADH and FADH2 molecules carry the high-energy electrons, obtained from the oxidation of glucose, to the electron transport chain (ETC) found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The ETC transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 molecules through a series of redox reactions, leading to the generation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. During this process, the energy from the electrons is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.
Overall, the remaining energy from glucose molecules is released through the series of reactions that occur during aerobic respiration, involving the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Is it
A water B Electron transport chain C heat or D carbon dioxide
The correct answer is D. carbon dioxide.
During aerobic respiration, glucose molecules are broken down through glycolysis and further processes, such as the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The energy released in these processes is ultimately used to convert glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2) through the series of reactions.
The carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration is a waste product that is exhaled by organisms. The energy stored in the carbon-carbon bonds of glucose is gradually released and converted to other forms, including ATP, NADH, FADH2, and ultimately, carbon dioxide.
Are you sure correct yourself
I apologize for the incorrect response. The correct answer is B. Electron transport chain.
During glycolysis, a small amount of ATP is produced along with NADH. The NADH molecules generated in glycolysis and subsequent steps, such as the citric acid cycle, carry high-energy electrons. These electrons are then transferred to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The ETC is a series of proteins and electron carriers that facilitate the flow of electrons, leading to the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This establishes an electrochemical gradient, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
As the electrons move through the electron transport chain, their energy is gradually released and used to power the synthesis of ATP. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, combining with hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons to form water (H2O).
Therefore, the remaining energy from glucose molecules is released through the electron transport chain, with the final electron acceptor being oxygen to produce water. I apologize again for the previous incorrect response.
The remaining energy from glucose molecules after glycolysis is released through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration consists of two main stages: the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) and the electron transport chain.
During the citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondria, the two molecules of pyruvate produced during glycolysis are further broken down. This process generates more ATP, as well as electron carriers such as NADH and FADH₂.
Next, the electron carriers produced in the citric acid cycle donate their electrons to the electron transport chain, which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrons move through a series of protein complexes, creating an electrochemical gradient of protons (H+) across the membrane. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase, a protein complex, to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
In summary, the remaining energy from glucose molecules is released through the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, where ATP is produced as a result of the transfer of electrons.