A student performs two investigations of force and acceleration. In the first investigation, she pushes objects with different masses using the same amount of force. In the second investigation, the student pushes objects with the same masses using different amounts of force. The results of both investigations are shown. Which claim and argument can the student make using her data?
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Responses
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects increases as the masses of the objects increase.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects increases as the masses of the objects increase.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects decreases.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects decreases.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects decrease.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects decrease.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases.
Though the actual data is not visible in the question provided, we can deduce the correct claim and evidence from the fundamental principles of Newton's second law of motion, which states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon the object and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be summarized by the equation F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.
Let's evaluate the provided claims and evidence in accordance with Newton's second law:
1. "With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects increases as the masses of the objects increase." - This claim is incorrect because, according to Newton's second law, if the force is constant and we increase the mass, the acceleration should decrease, not increase.
2. "With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects decreases." - This claim is incorrect because if the mass is constant, an increase in force should result in an increase in acceleration, not a decrease.
3. "With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects decrease." - This claim is incorrect because it contradicts Newton's second law. If the force remains constant and the mass decreases, the acceleration should increase, not decrease.
4. "With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases." - This claim is correct as it aligns with Newton's second law. Keeping the mass constant, as you apply more force to an object, the acceleration should indeed increase proportionally.
Therefore, the correct claim and argument the student can make using her data are:
"Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases."