The article does not mention specific management practices that TQM runs counter to. However, it can be inferred that TQM may run counter to traditional management practices such as a top-down hierarchical approach, where decisions are made by top-level management and implemented downwards, without much input or involvement from employees at lower levels. TQM emphasizes the involvement of all employees in the decision-making and continuous improvement processes, which may go against the traditional command-and-control management style. Additionally, TQM focuses on customer satisfaction and the continuous improvement of processes, which may require organizations to shift their focus from short-term profit maximization to long-term quality enhancement.
