Why did the first inhabitants of the first of mainland South Asia settle in plains and rivers valleys
The first inhabitants of mainland South Asia settled in plains and river valleys primarily because of the abundant natural resources and favorable environmental conditions found in these areas.
1. Fertile soil: The plains and river valleys in South Asia, such as the Indus and Ganges river basins, have alluvial soil that is highly fertile. This soil is ideal for agriculture, allowing for the cultivation of various crops and the development of an agrarian society.
2. Water sources: Rivers in the region provided a reliable source of water for drinking, irrigation, and transportation. These rivers not only sustained the early settlements but also facilitated trade and communication between different communities.
3. Climate: The plains and river valleys of South Asia have a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The monsoon rains replenish the water sources and contribute to the fertility of the soil, making these areas highly suitable for agricultural activities.
4. Biodiversity: The plains and river valleys supported a rich and diverse ecosystem with abundant flora and fauna. The availability of a variety of wild plant and animal resources provided sustenance for the early inhabitants, contributing to their settlement in these regions.
5. Trade opportunities: The strategic location of these plains and river valleys offered opportunities for trade with neighboring regions, such as Central Asia and the Middle East. The easy access to waterways facilitated the transportation of goods and fostered cultural exchanges.
Overall, the combination of fertile soil, availability of water, favorable climate, rich biodiversity, and trade opportunities made the plains and river valleys of mainland South Asia attractive for settlement to the early inhabitants.