How did the environment of Arabia serve as a form of protection during much of the regions history?

Options:
It’s fertile oases enabled farmers to grow enough food for themselves and for sale
It’s extreme heat and arid conditions kept invaders from attacking settlements
It landlocked location prevented traders from bringing in foreign goods
It mountainous regions kept farmers from Mesopotamia from moving in for better land

The options presented are:

1. Its fertile oases enabled farmers to grow enough food for themselves and for sale
2. Its extreme heat and arid conditions kept invaders from attacking settlements
3. Its landlocked location prevented traders from bringing in foreign goods
4. Its mountainous regions kept farmers from Mesopotamia from moving in for better land

Among these options, the most accurate answer would be:

2. Its extreme heat and arid conditions kept invaders from attacking settlements

The harsh climatic conditions, including extreme heat and aridity, in parts of Arabia served as a natural deterrent for potential invaders. These conditions made it challenging for foreign armies to sustain themselves and launch successful military campaigns in the region. The scorching desert landscapes, lack of water sources, and difficulties in navigation acted as protective barriers, safeguarding settlements and communities from external threats.