According to the four noble truths of Buddhism, what must be overcome to end suffering
According to the four noble truths of Buddhism, suffering (or dukkha) can be overcome by understanding and addressing its causes. These causes, also known as the three poisons, are:
1. Craving (or attachment): This refers to the desire for pleasurable experiences, material possessions, or even a particular concept of oneself. Craving and attachment lead to dissatisfaction and suffering when they are not fulfilled.
2. Ignorance (or delusion): This refers to not seeing or understanding the true nature of reality, including the impermanence and interconnectedness of all things. Ignorance leads to suffering because it sustains the illusions of a separate self and the pursuit of temporary and ultimately unsatisfactory pleasures.
3. Aversion (or hatred): This refers to the strong dislike, anger, or hostility towards things, people, or situations that are perceived as unpleasant or contrary to one's desires. Aversion leads to suffering because it creates negative emotions and conflicts within oneself and with others.
By recognizing and overcoming these causes, individuals can achieve enlightenment (or nirvana) and ultimately end suffering. This is done through cultivating wisdom, ethical conduct, and mental discipline, which are the practices and teachings found in Buddhism.