Caste system
The caste system is a social hierarchy that is prevalent in many parts of South Asia, particularly in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It is a hereditary system that categorizes individuals into different castes based on their birth, occupation, and social status.
The caste system is rooted in the Hindu religion and is based on the belief that individuals are born into a particular caste as a result of their actions in their previous lives, known as karma. The four major castes are:
1. Brahmins: The highest caste consisting of priests, scholars, and teachers. They are traditionally involved in religious ceremonies and are considered the most respected caste.
2. Kshatriyas: The warrior caste consisting of rulers, warriors, and administrators. They traditionally held the responsibility of protecting society and ruling over regions.
3. Vaishyas: The merchant and farming caste consisting of businessmen, traders, and farmers. They traditionally engaged in trade, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
4. Shudras: The lowest caste consisting of laborers and service providers. They traditionally worked as servants, artisans, and farmers for the upper castes.
Below these four major castes is the fifth category known as Dalits or untouchables. Dalits are considered outside of the caste system and historically faced severe discrimination and social exclusion. They were traditionally assigned to work that was considered unclean and were restricted from many social and religious activities.
The caste system has had a significant impact on Indian society, shaping the social interactions, occupations, and opportunities available to individuals. Despite constitutional and legal provisions to prohibit discrimination based on caste, the practice of untouchability and caste-based discrimination persists in many parts of South Asia. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues and promote social equality.