What are Peer-to-Peer networks and Server-based networks? Discuss. [100 Marks
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks and Server-based networks are two different types of network architectures commonly used in computer networks. Let's discuss each architecture in detail.
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks:
P2P networks are decentralized networks where connected computers, known as peers, contribute resources and share them with other peers in the network. In P2P networks, all connected computers have equal capabilities and responsibilities. They can act both as clients and servers, meaning they can request and share resources with other peers.
Advantages of P2P networks:
1. Decentralized: P2P networks eliminate the need for a central server, making the network more robust and resistant to single points of failure.
2. Scalability: As new peers join the network, additional resources become available, increasing the network's capability to handle more requests.
3. Cost-efficient: P2P networks minimize the need for expensive server hardware and maintenance costs since peers share the load among themselves.
4. Increased privacy: P2P networks can offer higher privacy levels as there is no central authority monitoring the network traffic.
Disadvantages of P2P networks:
1. Security concerns: P2P networks can be vulnerable to security breaches, as it is challenging to ensure the trustworthiness of every peer in the network.
2. Reliability: The availability of resources in P2P networks depends on the peers' willingness to share them, which can be unpredictable and unreliable.
3. Quality of service: Without a centralized entity managing resources, it can be challenging to ensure consistent quality of service across the network.
Server-based networks:
Server-based networks, also known as client-server networks, are centralized networks where a dedicated server fulfills client requests by providing resources and services. In this architecture, clients connect to the server to request data or services, and the server responds accordingly.
Advantages of server-based networks:
1. Centralized control: Having a central server enables efficient management and control over the network, making it easier to administer and troubleshoot.
2. Higher reliability: Server-based networks can provide a higher level of reliability as the server can be equipped with redundant components and backup systems.
3. Enhanced security: Centralized security measures can be implemented on the server, protecting the network from unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity.
4. Improved resource management: Servers can allocate and distribute resources efficiently, optimizing their utilization across the network.
Disadvantages of server-based networks:
1. Cost: Server-based networks require dedicated servers, which can be expensive to acquire, maintain, and upgrade.
2. Single point of failure: If the server fails, the entire network can become inaccessible or non-functional until the server is restored, causing significant downtime.
3. Scalability limitations: Adding more clients to a server-based network can increase the server workload and potentially degrade performance, requiring additional server resources or upgrades.
Both P2P and server-based networks have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them depends on the specific requirements and characteristics of the network.