Functions of epidermal cell
1. Protection: The epidermal cells form a protective layer that acts as a barrier against environmental factors such as UV radiation, pathogens, and chemicals.
2. Transpiration: Epidermal cells on the leaves of plants have specialized structures called stomata that allow for the exchange of gases and water vapor with the environment through a process known as transpiration.
3. Absorption: Some epidermal cells in plants have root hairs that increase the surface area for absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.
4. Sensory perception: Epidermal cells in animals contain sensory receptors that help in detecting touch, pressure, heat, and cold.
5. Secretion: Certain epidermal cells secrete substances such as oils, sweat, mucus, and pigments that help in various physiological processes.
6. Regulation of temperature: Epidermal cells in animals help in thermoregulation by secreting sweat and adjusting blood flow to the skin surface to dissipate or conserve heat.
7. Melanin production: Epidermal cells called melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment that gives color to the skin, eyes, and hair. Melanin also helps protect against harmful UV radiation.
8. Growth and repair: Epidermal cells play a crucial role in the growth and repair of tissues by constantly dividing and replacing damaged or dead cells.
9. Sensory reception: Certain epidermal cells in animals, such as taste buds on the tongue, allow for the perception of taste and flavor.
10. Defense: The epidermis acts as the first line of defense against pathogens and foreign substances by producing antimicrobial peptides and triggering immune responses.