2. No association

If there is no association between two variables, it means that there is no relationship or connection between them. This means that the value of one variable does not provide any information about the value of the other variable.

In statistical terms, if there is no association, it would be represented by a correlation coefficient of 0. This indicates that there is no linear relationship between the variables.

For example, if we are studying the relationship between height and shoe size in a group of people, if there is no association, it means that a person's height does not determine their shoe size, and vice versa. Knowing someone's height would not allow us to accurately predict their shoe size.

In such cases, it is important to remember that while there may be no association between the variables we are examining, it does not rule out the possibility of other variables or factors influencing the relationship. It is always important to consider potential confounding variables when examining associations between variables.