Outline 5 common methods which can be used to determine density or specific gravity of liquid
1. Hydrometer: A hydrometer is a device used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid. It typically consists of a calibrated tube with a weighted bulb at one end. The hydrometer is placed in the liquid and the reading obtained from the calibrated scale indicates the specific gravity.
2. Pycnometer: A pycnometer is a specific gravity bottle that is used to measure the density or specific gravity of a liquid. It is a small glass container with a ground-glass stopper and a known volume. The pycnometer is filled with the liquid and weighed. The weight of the liquid divided by its volume gives the density or specific gravity.
3. Digital Density Meter: A digital density meter is an electronic device specifically designed to measure the density or specific gravity of a liquid. It uses various techniques such as oscillation or buoyancy to determine the density. The liquid is introduced into the meter, and the device directly displays the density or specific gravity values.
4. Air Buoyancy Method: This method is used to determine the specific gravity of a liquid by comparing its weight with the weight of an equal volume of air. The liquid is placed in a container suspended from a balance. The weight of the liquid is measured in air and then in a vacuum, where the buoyant effect of the air is removed. The difference in weight is used to calculate the specific gravity.
5. Immersion Method: The immersion method involves immersing a solid object in the liquid whose density is being measured and comparing the weight loss of the object in air and when submerged in the liquid. The difference in weight loss provides the necessary information to calculate the density or specific gravity of the liquid. This method is commonly used for determining the specific gravity of liquids with low viscosity.