Valleys and mountain ranges are formed through the process of tectonic plate movement. When two tectonic plates collide, they can create compression and immense pressure, causing the Earth's crust to fold and, in turn, form mountains. These folding movements can result in the creation of both deep valleys and high peaks in close proximity. Over millions of years, erosion from factors like water and wind can also shape the land, accentuating these features and further contributing to the formation of valleys and mountains ranges.
