A blacksmith strikes a piece of metal with a hammer repeatedly. The metal slowly begins to glow as the temperature increases, and the metal becomes more malleable. Which changes on a microscopic level led to the visible changes in the properties of the metal? (1 point)
Responses
The kinetic energy of the particles decreased.
The kinetic energy of the particles decreased.
The potential energy of the particles decreased.
The potential energy of the particles decreased.
The individual temperature of the particles increased.
The individual temperature of the particles increased.
The average speed of the particles increased.
The individual temperature of the particles increased.
Which statement best describes heat?(1 point)
Responses
Heat flows from hot to cold and is a form of thermal energy.
Heat flows from hot to cold and is a form of thermal energy.
Heat flows from cold to hot and is the transfer of thermal energy.
Heat flows from cold to hot and is the transfer of thermal energy.
Heat flows from cold to hot and is a form of thermal energy.
Heat flows from cold to hot and is a form of thermal energy.
Heat flows from hot to cold and is the transfer of thermal energy.
Heat flows from hot to cold and is the transfer of thermal energy.
What is thermal energy?(1 point)
Responses
the measurement of energy in an object due to position, conduction, or chemical composition
the measurement of energy in an object due to position, conduction, or chemical composition
a material that is a conductor of heat
a material that is a conductor of heat
the distance between particles and their freedom to move around
the distance between particles and their freedom to move around
the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance
The total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.
The correct answer is: The average speed of the particles increased.
When a blacksmith strikes a piece of metal with a hammer repeatedly, the applied force causes the metal to vibrate. As the metal vibrates, the kinetic energy of its particles increases, which is responsible for raising the temperature. This increase in temperature results in a higher average speed of the metal particles.
To understand this, it is helpful to know some basic concepts of particle theory. In a solid, such as metal, the particles are closely packed together and have limited movement. When the blacksmith hits the metal with a hammer, it imparts kinetic energy to the metal particles. This kinetic energy is then transferred from one particle to another through a series of collisions.
As the metal particles gain kinetic energy, they start to move faster and vibrate more vigorously. This increase in motion translates into a rise in temperature, as temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.
The increased temperature has a visible impact on the properties of the metal. As the metal heats up, it begins to glow, indicating that it is emitting thermal energy in the form of light. Additionally, the increased temperature causes the metal to become more malleable, meaning it becomes easier to bend, shape, or mold. This is because the higher average speed of the metal particles allows them to move more freely, making the metal more pliable.
In summary, the visible changes in the properties of the metal, such as the glow and increased malleability, are a result of the increase in average speed of the metal particles, which is caused by the repeated strikes of the blacksmith's hammer.