How does the development of maritime empires compare with the development of land-based empires in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?(1 point)
Responses
The maritime empires focused on control of trade routes in the Indian Ocean rather than the control of people and land.
The maritime empires found themselves bankrupt due to the necessary investment in infrastructure.
Land-based empires were heavily supported by private individuals and joint-stock companies.
The maritime empires did not have to rely on locals for help in the Indian Ocean.
The correct response is: The maritime empires focused on control of trade routes in the Indian Ocean rather than the control of people and land.
Which of the following best explains why the Portuguese expanded into the Indian Ocean?(1 point)
Responses
With the Ottoman capture of Constantinople, the Portuguese had to find another route to access the Asian spice trade.
The Portuguese empire wanted to find a route to the Caribbean sugar trade.
The Portuguese heard of the building of the Taj Mahal in the Mughal Empire.
The Portuguese developed superior technology, and the Indian Ocean was an ideal environment to test it out.
The correct response is: With the Ottoman capture of Constantinople, the Portuguese had to find another route to access the Asian spice trade.
Determine the effects of the Portuguese maritime empire in the Indian Ocean.(1 point)
Responses
The Portuguese maritime empire allowed the Portuguese empire to grow in terms of trade, but it was unable to have any significant impact on the peoples around the Indian Ocean.
The Portuguese maritime empire continued the Columbian Exchange, expanded global trade, expanded Christianity’s influence, and led to the suppression of local customs and beliefs.
The Portuguese maritime empire took over entire nations and changed their government structures to become more democratic.
The Portuguese maritime empire led to the end of the Columbian Exchange, expanded global trade, and increased religious toleration.
The correct response is: The Portuguese maritime empire continued the Columbian Exchange, expanded global trade, expanded Christianity’s influence, and led to the suppression of local customs and beliefs.
Why might investors in the British East India Company have looked toward the Netherlands for ways to improve trade?(1 point)
Responses
The Dutch had superior knowledge in the Americas.
The Dutch were able to keep the English out of Asia.
The Dutch were more successful in obtaining trade partners and trade monopolies in Asia.
The Dutch were able to generate significant interest in European manufactured goods in China.
The correct response is: The Dutch were more successful in obtaining trade partners and trade monopolies in Asia.
An investigation into the Battle of Lepanto reveals that which of the following was a factor in the battle’s outcome?(1 point)
Responses
the Ottoman’s more modern artillery
the small size of the Ottoman navy
the weakness of the Ottoman navy
the Ottoman’s superior organizational skills
The correct response is: the Ottoman’s more modern artillery.
To compare the development of maritime empires with land-based empires in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, we can consider a few factors:
1. Focus of control: Maritime empires, such as those established by European powers like Portugal and Spain, primarily aimed to control and dominate trade routes in the Indian Ocean. Their focus was on securing access to valuable goods and establishing trading posts, rather than the control of people and land directly. On the other hand, land-based empires, like the Ottoman Empire or the Ming Dynasty in China, focused on territorial expansion, political control, and the administration of large areas of land.
2. Economic implications: While the maritime empires were successful in establishing trade networks and accessing valuable resources, they often found themselves burdened with high costs. The necessary investments in shipbuilding, navigation technology, and infrastructure for overseas trade routes often led to financial strain, and many maritime empires faced bankruptcy as a result. Land-based empires, on the other hand, were supported by their own resources and the taxes collected from the lands they controlled.
3. Support and involvement: Land-based empires often relied on private individuals and joint-stock companies for financial support and partnerships in their ventures. These entities would invest in the empire's activities, such as trade expeditions or colonization efforts in exchange for economic benefits. Maritime empires also had some involvement from private individuals and companies, but their operations were more focused on controlling trade routes directly rather than relying heavily on external funding.
4. Reliance on locals: In the context of the Indian Ocean, maritime empires did not have to rely as much on the local populations for assistance or support. They primarily established trading posts and fortified settlements along their routes, which allowed them to maintain control without needing extensive involvement from locals. In contrast, land-based empires often required a significant degree of cooperation and collaboration with local populations to administer and maintain control over their territories.
It is worth noting that these comparisons provide a general overview and that individual empires may have had specific characteristics that deviated from these trends. To gain a deeper understanding of the development of maritime and land-based empires in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, one may delve into specific case studies and historical sources.