Some differences between the United States government and Canadian government are that the United States has a presidential system, while Canada has a parliamentary system, and the United States has a written constitution, while Canada's constitution is largely based on unwritten conventions.
Some differences between the United States government and Canadian government include the structure of their executive branches (with a president in the U.S. versus a prime minister in Canada) and their political systems (federal republic in the U.S. versus a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy in Canada).
The United States government operates on a federal system with a separation of powers among three branches (executive, legislative, judicial), whereas the Canadian government operates under a parliamentary system with a fusion of powers where the executive branch is part of the legislative branch.