In which period of Native American history did permanent settlements develop for the first time?
A. Woodland
B. Mississippian
C. Paleo
D. Archaic
B. Mississippian
The correct answer is A. Woodland.
To determine the period in which permanent settlements first developed in Native American history, we can analyze the options provided.
A. Woodland: The Woodland period (1000 BCE - 1000 CE) was characterized by the emergence of agricultural practices, pottery-making, and the construction of burial mounds. While some groups may have settled for longer periods, the settlements during this period were not necessarily permanent.
B. Mississippian: The Mississippian period (800 CE - 1600 CE) saw the development of complex societies with large towns and cities centered around ceremonial and political centers. These settlements were more permanent in nature, with extensive farming systems and trade networks.
C. Paleo: The Paleo-Indian period (circa 12,000 BCE - 8000 BCE) marked the earliest period of Native American history. However, during this time, Native Americans were nomadic hunter-gatherers and did not establish permanent settlements.
D. Archaic: The Archaic period (8000 BCE - 1000 BCE) followed the Paleo-Indian period. During this period, Native Americans continued to rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering, but there is evidence of increased sedentism and a gradual shift towards more settled communities. However, permanent settlements as defined by the establishment of complex societies did not develop until later periods.
Based on the information provided, the correct answer is B. Mississippian, as it was during this period that large and permanent settlements developed.