Summarize the reasoning by Raymond Ibrahim that Europe was saved from Islam.(1 point)
A The seat of Orthodox Christianity moved to Russia.
B The cannon stopped the Muslim forces from coming into Europe.
C Four other important seats of Christianity were under Islamic control.
D Defeats of Muslims in 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe.
D Defeats of Muslims in 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe, according to Raymond Ibrahim.
The reasoning by Raymond Ibrahim that Europe was saved from Islam can be summarized as follows:
1) The seat of Orthodox Christianity moved to Russia: According to Ibrahim, the Orthodox Christian Church moving its seat to Russia helped protect Europe from the expansion of Islam. This shift allowed for the preservation and continuation of Orthodox Christianity in the region.
2) The cannon stopped the Muslim forces from coming into Europe: Ibrahim points out that the development and use of cannons by European forces played a significant role in halting the advancement of Muslim forces into Europe. The technology and firepower of cannons provided a strategic advantage in defending against Islamic invasions.
3) Four other important seats of Christianity were under Islamic control: Ibrahim notes that during certain periods in history, four significant centers of Christianity, such as Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople, were under Islamic control. However, despite these losses, he argues that Europe was able to resist further Islamic expansion.
4) Defeats of Muslims in the 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe: Ibrahim highlights the defeats suffered by Muslim forces in the 700s as a crucial factor preventing Islam from spreading further into Europe. These defeats weakened the Islamic armies and hindered their ability to continue their conquests into European territories.
Overall, according to Ibrahim's reasoning, the combination of factors such as the shift in Orthodoxy, the use of cannons, the loss of some crucial Christian centers, and the defeats suffered by Muslims in the 700s played a significant role in saving Europe from Islam.
The reasoning provided by Raymond Ibrahim for Europe being saved from Islam includes several points.
1. The seat of Orthodox Christianity moved to Russia: This implies that after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, the Byzantine Empire, which was the center of Orthodox Christianity, collapsed. However, the religion and its traditions were preserved in Russia, which acted as a sanctuary for Orthodox Christianity.
2. The cannon stopped the Muslim forces from coming into Europe: This suggests that the development of artillery technology, specifically the cannon, acted as a significant deterrent against Islamic forces trying to invade Europe. The use of cannons played a crucial role in defending European territories from Muslim invaders.
3. Four other important seats of Christianity were under Islamic control: This point implies that during various periods in history, significant Christian territories, such as Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Carthage, fell under Islamic control. However, these losses did not result in the dominance of Islam over Europe.
4. Defeats of Muslims in the 700s barred Islam from getting into Europe: This highlights the military victories achieved by European powers over Muslim forces in the 700s. These defeats prevented Islam from spreading further into Europe and restricted its expansion.
Overall, the reasoning suggests that a combination of factors, including the movement of Orthodox Christianity to Russia, the use of cannons, the Islamic control over important Christian seats, and the defeats suffered by Muslims in the 700s, played a role in saving Europe from Islam.