Water boils at 100°C and turns into steam. Which similarities or differences are there between water at 100°C and steam at 100°C?
1. The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving at the same speed in both states.
2. The particles will have more space between them as a steam, but they will be moving at the same speed in both states.
3. The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving faster as steam.
4. The particles will have more space between them and will be moving at higher speeds as steam
3. The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving faster as steam.
The correct answer is option 3. The particles will have more space between them as a liquid, but they will be moving faster as steam.
The correct answer is option 2: The particles will have more space between them as steam, but they will be moving at the same speed in both states.
To understand why this is the correct answer, let's break down the properties of water at 100°C (boiling point) and steam at 100°C:
Water at 100°C: At this temperature, water is in a liquid state. The particles (molecules) of water are closely packed together and have relatively strong intermolecular forces holding them in place. However, they are still in constant motion, vibrating and sliding past each other. This is what gives water its fluidity.
Steam at 100°C: When water reaches its boiling point (100°C at standard atmospheric pressure), it changes from a liquid to a gas state, known as steam. In the gas phase, the particles are much more spread out and have more space between them compared to the liquid state. This is because the intermolecular forces are overcome by the heat energy, and the particles gain sufficient kinetic energy to break free from each other.
However, the speed of the particles remains the same in both the liquid and gas states at the same temperature. This is due to the principle of energy conservation. When the temperature of water reaches 100°C, the average kinetic energy of the water molecules is the same as the average kinetic energy of steam molecules at 100°C. The only difference is that in steam, the particles are moving more freely due to the increased spacing between them.
So, option 2 accurately describes the similarities and differences between water at 100°C and steam at 100°C.