Which experiment setup would let a student investigate the connection between kinetic energy and temperature?
1. Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50 mL of water at 10*C; placing two drops of food coloring in a second cup with 50mL of water at 10*C
2. Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50 mL of water at 10*C; placing one drop of food coloring in a second cup with 100 mL of water at 10*C
3. Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50 mL of water at 10*C; placing two drops of food coloring in a second cup with 100 mL of water at 40*C
4. Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50mL of water at 10*C; placing one rop of food coloring in a second cup with 50 mL of water at 40*C
The correct answer is option 4. Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50 mL of water at 10*C; placing one drop of food coloring in a second cup with 50 mL of water at 40*C.
This setup allows the student to compare the kinetic energy (temperature) of two systems with the same volume of water but different temperatures. By observing the rate of diffusion or mixing of the food coloring, the student can make inferences about the connection between kinetic energy (temperature) and the movement of particles.
The experiment setup that would allow a student to investigate the connection between kinetic energy and temperature would be option 4: Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50mL of water at 10°C; placing one drop of food coloring in a second cup with 50 mL of water at 40°C.
This setup allows the student to compare the movement or diffusion of the food coloring in two cups with different temperatures. The higher temperature in the second cup will increase the kinetic energy of water molecules, causing them to move more rapidly. As a result, the food coloring should diffuse faster in the second cup compared to the first cup at a lower temperature, illustrating the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature.
The correct experiment setup to investigate the connection between kinetic energy and temperature would be option 4: Placing one drop of food coloring in a cup with 50mL of water at 10*C, and placing one drop of food coloring in a second cup with 50 mL of water at 40*C.
To understand why this setup is the most appropriate, let's break down the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Temperature, on the other hand, is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In other words, temperature is an indication of how fast the particles are moving.
To investigate the connection between kinetic energy and temperature, we need to compare two systems with different temperatures.
In this experiment, we have two cups of water. The first cup has 50mL of water at 10*C, while the second cup has 50mL of water at 40*C. By adding one drop of food coloring to each cup, we can observe and compare the rate at which the food coloring spreads or diffuses in the water.
Since temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles, the water at 40*C will have higher kinetic energy compared to the water at 10*C. As a result, the particles in the water at 40*C will be moving faster and have more kinetic energy.
When the food coloring is added to each cup, the food coloring molecules will have more collisions with the faster-moving particles in the water at higher temperatures. This increased collision rate leads to a faster diffusion rate of the food coloring in the warmer water compared to the cooler water.
By observing and comparing how quickly the food coloring spreads in the two cups, we can indirectly measure the different diffusion rates and thus infer the relationship between kinetic energy (indicated by temperature) and the rate of diffusion.
Remember, it's important to control as many variables as possible in an experiment. In this case, we are keeping the volume of water, the type of food coloring, and the time of observation constant, so that the only differing factor is the temperature.