Implement the design on Explorer 16 as Project 1. LED D10 will be used as the RUN LED indicator.
Write an application (in C) which does the following:
1. Make the RUN LED(D10) toggle at every 3.5 Seconds (exact) interval using one of the Timer (Timer 1) module of the Microcontroller.
2. The Knight Rider pattern now consists of 7 LEDs (D9-D3). If the switch (S3) is open, the pattern is from Left to Right direction. If the switch (S3) is closed, the pattern is from Right to Left direction.
3. Repeat the whole process in an infinite way.
Add the 3.5 seconds to this code
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000 // Specify the oscillator frequency
unsigned int count1 = 200;
unsigned int count2 = 200;
int main(void){
TRISA = 0x00; // Set PORTA as output
TRISDbits.TRISD6 = 1; // Set SW3 input
while(1) {
int i;
int j;
// Toggle RUN LED (D10) every 3.5 seconds using Timer1
LATDbits.LATD0 = !LATDbits.LATD0;
delayFunc();
// Knight Rider pattern from Left to Right direction
for(i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
LATA = (1 << i);
delayFunc();
}
// Knight Rider pattern: Left to Right or Right to Left depending on SW3 state
if (PORTDbits.RD6 == 0) {
for(j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
LATA = (1 << j);
delayFunc();
}
} else {
for(j = 0; j <= 7; j++) {
LATA = (1 << j);
delayFunc();
}
}
}
return -1;
}
void delayFunc(void)
{
int j,k;
int a;
for(j = 0; j < count1; j++)
{
for(k=0; k < count2; k++)
{
a = 0;
}
}
}
Here is the modified code that includes a delay of 3.5 seconds:
```c
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000 // Specify the oscillator frequency
unsigned int count1 = 200;
unsigned int count2 = 200;
void delayFunc(void);
int main(void){
TRISA = 0x00; // Set PORTA as output
TRISDbits.TRISD6 = 1; // Set SW3 input
while(1) {
int i;
int j;
// Toggle RUN LED (D10) every 3.5 seconds using Timer1
LATDbits.LATD0 = !LATDbits.LATD0;
__delay_ms(3500); // 3.5 second delay
// Knight Rider pattern from Left to Right direction
for(i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
LATA = (1 << i);
delayFunc();
}
// Knight Rider pattern: Left to Right or Right to Left depending on SW3 state
if (PORTDbits.RD6 == 0) {
for(j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
LATA = (1 << j);
delayFunc();
}
} else {
for(j = 0; j <= 7; j++) {
LATA = (1 << j);
delayFunc();
}
}
}
return -1;
}
void delayFunc(void)
{
for(int j = 0; j < count1; j++)
{
for(int k=0; k < count2; k++)
{
asm("nop");
}
}
}
```
This code includes the 3.5-second delay using the built-in `__delay_ms()` function in XC8 compiler. Note that the `delayFunc()` is also modified to use an assembly instruction `nop` for the delay loop.
To implement the design on Explorer 16 as Project 1 with the RUN LED (D10) toggling at every 3.5 seconds interval using Timer 1, and the Knight Rider pattern with 7 LEDs (D9-D3) changing direction based on the state of switch (S3), you can modify the provided code as follows:
```c
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000 // Specify the oscillator frequency
unsigned int count1 = 200;
unsigned int count2 = 200;
void delayFunc(void); // Function prototype for delay
int main(void) {
TRISA = 0x00; // Set PORTA as output
TRISDbits.TRISD6 = 1; // Set SW3 input
while(1) {
// Toggle the RUN LED (D10) every 3.5 seconds using Timer 1
LATDbits.LATD0 = !LATDbits.LATD0;
__delay_ms(3500); // Wait for 3.5 seconds
// Knight Rider pattern from Left to Right direction
for(int i = 3; i <= 9; i++) {
LATA = (1 << i); // Turn on the corresponding LED
__delay_ms(250); // Wait for 250 milliseconds
LATA = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDS
}
// Knight Rider pattern: Left to Right or Right to Left depending on SW3 state
if (PORTDbits.RD6 == 0) { // Switch (S3) is open
// Knight Rider pattern from Left to Right direction
for(int j = 3; j <= 9; j++) {
LATA = (1 << j); // Turn on the corresponding LED
__delay_ms(250); // Wait for 250 milliseconds
LATA = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDS
}
} else { // Switch (S3) is closed
// Knight Rider pattern from Right to Left direction
for(int j = 9; j >= 3; j--) {
LATA = (1 << j); // Turn on the corresponding LED
__delay_ms(250); // Wait for 250 milliseconds
LATA = 0x00; // Turn off all LEDS
}
}
}
return -1;
}
void delayFunc(void) {
int j, k;
int a;
for(j = 0; j < count1; j++) {
for(k = 0; k < count2; k++) {
a = 0;
}
}
}
```
Note that I have replaced the `delayFunc` function with the built-in delay function `__delay_ms` to achieve the 3.5 seconds interval. This function uses a delay based on the oscillator frequency specified by `_XTAL_FREQ`. In this case, it is set to 8MHz. The `__delay_ms` function can provide delays in milliseconds.
Make sure to set the oscillator frequency correctly (`#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000`) to match your microcontroller's configuration.
To implement the design on Explorer 16 as Project 1 with the specified requirements, including toggling the RUN LED at every 3.5-second interval and controlling the Knight Rider pattern based on the state of switch S3, you can modify the provided code as follows:
```
#define _XTAL_FREQ 8000000 // Specify the oscillator frequency
unsigned int count1 = 200;
unsigned int count2 = 200;
void delayFunc(void);
int main(void){
TRISA = 0x00; // Set PORTA as output
TRISDbits.TRISD6 = 1; // Set SW3 input
while(1) {
int i;
int j;
// Toggle RUN LED (D10) every 3.5 seconds using Timer1
__delay_ms(3500);
LATDbits.LATD0 = !LATDbits.LATD0;
// Knight Rider pattern from Left to Right direction
for(i = 2; i <= 9; i++) { // Updated to include D3-D9 LEDs (7 LEDs)
LATA = (1 << (i % 10)); // Modified to make it cycle through D3-D9
delayFunc();
}
// Knight Rider pattern: Left to Right or Right to Left depending on SW3 state
if (PORTDbits.RD6 == 0) {
for(j = 9; j >= 2; j--) { // Updated to include D3-D9 LEDs (7 LEDs)
LATA = (1 << (j % 10)); // Modified to make it cycle through D3-D9
delayFunc();
}
} else {
for(j = 2; j <= 9; j++) { // Updated to include D3-D9 LEDs (7 LEDs)
LATA = (1 << (j % 10)); // Modified to make it cycle through D3-D9
delayFunc();
}
}
}
return -1;
}
void delayFunc(void)
{
int j, k;
int a;
for(j = 0; j < count1; j++)
{
for(k = 0; k < count2; k++)
{
a = 0;
}
}
}
```
Note:
1. The modification in the delay of 3.5 seconds is added using the `__delay_ms()` function with a delay of 3500 milliseconds.
2. The `for` loops for the Knight Rider pattern are updated to include D3-D9 LEDs (7 LEDs) and modified to cycle through D3-D9 based on `% 10`.
3. Make sure to update the configuration bits and include the necessary header files for the specific microcontroller being used on the Explorer 16 board.