Which example best describes an external factor that causes the end of an empire? (1 point)
1. changes in population
2. being overtaken by another empire
3. the cost of running an empire
4. civil war
2. being overtaken by another empire
The best example that describes an external factor causing the end of an empire is:
2. being overtaken by another empire.
To determine which example best describes an external factor that causes the end of an empire, let's examine each option:
1. "Changes in population": While changes in population can certainly have an impact on the stability and prosperity of an empire, it can be considered more of an internal factor rather than an external one. Therefore, this option does not describe an external factor that causes the end of an empire.
2. "Being overtaken by another empire": This option describes an external factor that can significantly contribute to the end of an empire. When a more powerful or ambitious empire conquers or takes control of another empire's territory, it can lead to the downfall of the displaced empire.
3. "The cost of running an empire": The cost of running an empire refers to the financial burden and resources required to maintain and govern a vast territorial dominion. While this factor can certainly strain an empire and potentially weaken it internally, it can also be influenced by various internal factors. Hence, the cost of running an empire is more of an internal factor rather than an external one.
4. "Civil war": Civil war, similarly to being overtaken by another empire, describes an external factor that can contribute to the collapse of an empire. When internal factions within an empire engage in armed conflict against one another, it weakens the empire's ability to govern effectively, making it vulnerable to external threats and ultimately leading to its downfall.
Based on the explanations above, both options 2 and 4 - being overtaken by another empire and civil war - can best describe external factors that cause the end of an empire.