1. During cellular respiration, the covalent bonds of a molecule are broken down to make products. Which molecule is broken down?
A. carbon dioxide
B. ADP
C. Water
D. Sugar
2. During cellular respiration, four total ATP are produced when pyruvic acid is created. What else is produced as a result of this reaction?
A. Heat
B. Oxygen
C. Sugar
D. Water
3. Why does hydrogen bond so tightly to oxygen during cellular respiration?
A. It is less electronegative than oxygen.
B. It is not electronegative, but oxygen is.
C. It is more electronegative than oxygen.
D. It is electronegative, but oxygen is not.
4. Identify the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. lactic acid
D. pyruvic acid
5. When a reaction releases more energy than it uses, it is called
A. exothermic
B. catalyst
C. Lactic
D. emeritus
1. D. Sugar
2. A. Heat
3. C. It is more electronegative than oxygen.
4. C. lactic acid
5. A. exothermic
1. D. Sugar
2. A. Heat
3. C. It is more electronegative than oxygen.
4. C. lactic acid
5. A. exothermic
1. To determine which molecule is broken down during cellular respiration, we need to understand the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in cells, where organic molecules, typically glucose, undergo a series of chemical reactions to produce energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). During this process, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules. The molecule that is broken down during cellular respiration is sugar (D), specifically glucose.
2. To determine what else is produced when pyruvic acid is created during cellular respiration, we need to understand the different stages of cellular respiration. Pyruvic acid is produced during the process known as glycolysis, which is the first stage of cellular respiration. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During glycolysis, a small amount of ATP is produced, but it is not the main energy-producing stage of cellular respiration. The other products produced during glycolysis are NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and a small amount of ATP. Therefore, the correct answer is A, heat.
3. To understand why hydrogen bonds so tightly to oxygen during cellular respiration, we need to consider the electronegativity of these elements. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. This means that oxygen has a greater attraction for electrons than hydrogen. During cellular respiration, the chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen molecules, creating water. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons more strongly, causing hydrogen to bond tightly to it. So the correct answer is A, hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen.
4. To identify the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation, we need to understand what lactic acid fermentation is. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in certain cells, including muscle cells, when there is a lack of oxygen. In this process, pyruvic acid, which is produced during glycolysis, is converted into lactic acid. Lactic acid is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, the correct answer is C, lactic acid.
5. To determine the term for a reaction that releases more energy than it uses, we need to understand the concept of energy in chemical reactions. Exothermic reactions are those that release energy in the form of heat or light. During an exothermic reaction, the products have lower potential energy than the reactants, resulting in a net release of energy. Therefore, the correct answer is A, exothermic. Exothermic reactions often involve the breaking of covalent bonds and the formation of new bonds, with the excess energy being released.