A row of the periodic table is called a period. To determine the name of a specific row, you need to count the number of atomic orbitals of the elements in that row. Each row represents a different energy level or shell for the electrons in the atoms. The periods are labeled from 1 to 7, corresponding to the number of occupied electron shells. For example, elements in the first row (period 1) only have electrons in the first energy level, while elements in the second row (period 2) have electrons in both the first and second energy levels.
