1. What shape is the moon's orbit around Earth?
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1 point
an ellipse that is elongated
an ellipse that is almost circular
a spiral
a circle
2. Which did Kepler notice FIRST about planetary motion that caused him to propose Kepler’s first law of orbital motion?
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1 point
The planets have circular orbits.
The distance between Mars and the sun is constant.
The planets speed up and slow down but cover the same area.
Most planets have highly elliptical orbits.
3. For which project would knowledge of Kepler's laws prove most useful?
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1 point
measuring the distance between Earth and the moon
calculating the mass of Earth
putting a communications satellite in Earth orbit
determining the structure of the solar system's planets
4. A line between a planet and the sun sweeps out two equal areas at different places as it moves along its orbit. Which factor remains constant as this happens?
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1 point
the time the planet takes to sweep out the areas
the distance from the sun to the planet while it sweeps out the areas
the planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas
the energy required to sweep out the areas
5. A highly eccentric orbit, such as a comet, will have an eccentricity of 0.
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True
False
6. Which was a belief of Copernicus's model of the solar system?
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1 point
The planets move in perfect circles.
All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed.
The outer planets move in epicycles.
Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere.
7. Which statement about the geocentric model is true?
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1 point
It shows the orbits of the planets as elliptical.
It shows Earth at the center of the solar system.
It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system.
8. Which of the following statements about Newton's theory of universal gravitation is true?
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1 point
Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects increases.
Gravitational force increases as mass of objects decreases.
Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
The theory applies only to objects on Earth.
9. An asteroid approaches Jupiter and is slung into a new trajectory around across the solar system. If it's eccentricity is greater than 1, which statement might be true?
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1 point
The asteroid slows down as it passes around Jupiter.
The asteroid continues out of the solar system, never to return.
The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape.
The asteroid falls into an regular orbit around Jupiter instead of the sun.
10. The mass of an object doubles. What happens to the gravitational force between it and another object, assuming they remain the same distance apart?
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1 point
The amount of the gravitational force decreases by one-half.
The amount of the gravitational force quadruples.
The amount of the gravitational force doubles.
The amount of the gravitational force remains the same.
11. Based on Kepler's observations about planetary motion, what is the relationship between a planet's orbital velocity and its distance from the sun?
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1 point
The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.
Distance has no effect on orbital velocity.
The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity.
As distance is cut in half, orbital velocity decreases.
12. Why was the geocentric model accepted for more than a thousand years?
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1 point
It correctly explained the motion of the planets.
It correctly described the solar system.
It was confirmed by astronomers using telescopes.
It correctly explained the distribution of the stars.
13. Select the correct answer to complete the sentence. Gravitational force is said to be universal because:
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1 point
it operates in one direction.
it operates only within our solar system.
it applies mainly to planets and moons.
it applies to all objects.
14. Select the correct words to fill in the blanks to this sentence: As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the gravity pull from the sun pulls _________on the planet and the planet's speed _________.
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1 point
forwards, decreases
backwards, decreases
backwards, increases
forwards, increases
15. Why is it important that Earth’s orbit is nearly circular?
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1 point
This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
This allows for massive temperature fluctuations that occur with a more circular orbit.
This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more circular orbit.
This allows for gravitational fluctuations that occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
16. As the MASS of an object increases, its gravitational force ___________.
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1 point
decreases
increases
stays the same
17. Why were Tycho Brahe's data and observations important for Kepler's laws?
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1 point
They proved one of the laws to be true.
They disproved the laws.
They provided evidence to support the laws.
They had no relation to the laws.
18. The acceleration of a satellite can be derived by equating the universal gravitational force and the centripetal force.
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1 point
True
False
19. Which is the LEAST eccentric orbit?
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1 point
e=0.001
e=0.90
e=1
e=0.25
20. There are two objects close to each other. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled while the distance remains the same, how does the gravitational force change?
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1 point
It becomes four times stronger
It becomes half as strong
It remains the same
It becomes twice as strong
21. Which two things affect gravitational force between objects?
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1 point
Mass and distance
Mass and cellular composition
Mass and shape
Distance and shape
22. Which of the eight planets in the solar system has the most elliptical orbit?
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1 point
Venus
Earth
Mars
Mercury
23. Where is the sun located on Earth’s elliptical orbit?
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1 point
at the aphelium
at the perihelium
at a focus
at the center of the two foci
24. According to Newton’s Laws of Motion objects will continue in a straight line at a constant _________ unless acted on by an outside _____________.
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1 point
location, planet
speed, force
speed, time
location, force
25. The diagram below shows a model of the solar system. Which of the following statements is correct about this model?
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Captionless Image
This is the heliocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Aristotle.
This is the geocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Kepler.
This is the heliocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Kepler.
This is the geocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Aristotle.
1. an ellipse that is almost circular
2. The planets speed up and slow down but cover the same area.
3. putting a communications satellite in Earth orbit
4. the planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas
5. False
6. Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere.
7. It shows Earth at the center of the solar system.
8. Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
9. The asteroid continues out of the solar system, never to return.
10. The amount of the gravitational force doubles.
11. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.
12. It correctly explained the motion of the planets.
13. it applies to all objects.
14. backwards, decreases
15. This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
16. increases
17. They provided evidence to support the laws.
18. True
19. e=0.001
20. It becomes four times stronger
21. Mass and distance
22. Mars
23. at a focus
24. speed, force
25. This is the heliocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Kepler.
1. The shape of the moon's orbit around Earth is an ellipse that is elongated.
2. Kepler noticed that the planets speed up and slow down but cover the same area, which led him to propose Kepler’s first law of orbital motion.
3. Knowledge of Kepler's laws would prove most useful for determining the structure of the solar system's planets.
4. The planet's speed remains constant as it sweeps out two equal areas at different places along its orbit.
5. False, a highly eccentric orbit, such as a comet, will have an eccentricity greater than 0.
6. The belief of Copernicus's model of the solar system was that the planets move in perfect circles.
7. The geocentric model shows Earth at the center of the solar system.
8. The statement that is true about Newton's theory of universal gravitation is that gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
9. If an asteroid's eccentricity is greater than 1, it might continue out of the solar system, never to return.
10. If the mass of an object doubles, the gravitational force between it and another object remains the same, assuming they remain the same distance apart.
11. Based on Kepler's observations, the greater the distance a planet is from the sun, the slower its orbital velocity.
12. The geocentric model was accepted for more than a thousand years because it correctly explained the motion of the planets.
13. Gravitational force is said to be universal because it applies to all objects.
14. As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the gravity pull from the sun pulls backwards on the planet and the planet's speed decreases.
15. It is important that Earth's orbit is nearly circular because this prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
16. As the mass of an object increases, its gravitational force increases.
17. Tycho Brahe's data and observations were important for Kepler's laws because they provided evidence to support the laws.
18. True, the acceleration of a satellite can be derived by equating the universal gravitational force and the centripetal force.
19. The orbit with the least eccentricity is e=0.001.
20. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled while the distance remains the same, the gravitational force becomes four times stronger.
21. Mass and distance are the two things that affect gravitational force between objects.
22. Mercury has the most elliptical orbit among the eight planets in the solar system.
23. The sun is located at one of the foci of Earth's elliptical orbit.
24. According to Newton's Laws of Motion, objects will continue in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an outside force.
25. The diagram shows the heliocentric model of the solar system, which was created by Kepler.