what is the relationship between ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. rough er produces the polypeptide chains that ribosomes need to make protein.
b. ribosomes transport proteins made by rough er to the golgi apparatus.
c. rough er is the subunit of ribosomes that makes proteins.
d. ribosomes attached to rough er make proteins that the rough er then transports around the cell
d. ribosomes attached to rough er make proteins that the rough er then transports around the cell
The correct answer is d. ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ribosomes are closely connected and work together to produce and transport proteins within the cell. Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, and ribosomes are the sites where protein synthesis occurs. Ribosomes are attached to the surface of the rough ER, forming a complex structure known as the rough ER. Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins by reading the instructions encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) and linking the appropriate amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.
Once the polypeptide chain is synthesized on the ribosomes, the rough ER helps in the processing and packaging of the proteins. The rough ER transports the proteins synthesized by the ribosomes to various destinations within the cell, including the Golgi apparatus, where further modifications and sorting occur. This enables the proteins to be correctly delivered to their final destinations, both inside and outside the cell.
Therefore, the relationship between ribosomes and rough ER is that ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins, and the rough ER then transports these proteins around the cell.
The correct answer is option d. Ribosomes attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.
To arrive at the correct answer, we need to understand the functions of ribosomes and rough ER:
1. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are small organelles responsible for protein synthesis in cells. They read the information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and use it to build proteins through a process called translation.
2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER): The rough ER is a network of membrane-bound sacs and tubules covered in ribosomes. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and transport. The rough ER synthesizes proteins that are either destined for use within the cell or for export from the cell.
Now, let's evaluate each option:
a. Rough ER produces the polypeptide chains that ribosomes need to make protein.
This statement is incorrect. Ribosomes themselves synthesize proteins, not the rough ER. The rough ER provides a platform for ribosomes to synthesize proteins.
b. Ribosomes transport proteins made by rough ER to the Golgi apparatus.
This statement is incorrect. Ribosomes do not directly transport proteins. However, after ribosomes synthesize proteins on the rough ER, the rough ER helps in transporting these proteins to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and sorting.
c. Rough ER is the subunit of ribosomes that makes proteins.
This statement is incorrect. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, a large subunit, and a small subunit. The ribosomes themselves are not part of the rough ER. The rough ER provides a site for ribosomes to attach and synthesize proteins.
d. Ribosomes attached to rough ER make proteins that the rough ER then transports around the cell.
This statement is correct. Ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins using the mRNA instructions they receive. The rough ER then facilitates the transport of these newly synthesized proteins to various parts of the cell, including the Golgi apparatus, where further processing or secretion may occur.
Therefore, the correct answer is option d.