5. State the electron configuration for each of the following. Note: the ions either add electrons (if negative) or subtract electrons (of positive) from the basic neutral electron configuration of the element.
a. H
b. C
c. Br
d. O
e. N
f. Na
g. Kr
h. Ag
i. Ba
j. Po
k. U
l. Na+
m. Br-
n. Bh
o. Uuo
a. H: 1s^1
b. C: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2
c. Br: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5
d. O: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4
e. N: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3
f. Na: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1
g. Kr: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6
h. Ag: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^9
i. Ba: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2
j. Po: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^4
k. U: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^3 6d^1
l. Na+: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6
m. Br-: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6
n. Bh: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^5 7p^1
o. Uuo: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6 8s^2
a. H: 1s^1
b. C: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2
c. Br: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5
d. O: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4
e. N: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3
f. Na: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1
g. Kr: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6
h. Ag: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^1 4d^10
i. Ba: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2
j. Po: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^4
k. U: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^3 6d^1
l. Na+: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1
m. Br-: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6
n. Bh: Unknown element - electron configuration not available
o. Uuo: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6
To determine the electron configuration for each of the elements and ions mentioned, we need to refer to the periodic table of elements. The electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons within the energy levels and sublevels of an atom.
a. Hydrogen (H):
The electron configuration for hydrogen is 1s1.
b. Carbon (C):
The electron configuration for carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p2.
c. Bromine (Br):
The electron configuration for neutral bromine is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5. However, since we're dealing with an ion, the electron configuration would be different based on the charge of the ion.
d. Oxygen (O):
The electron configuration for neutral oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4. Again, for an ion, the configuration will differ based on the charge.
e. Nitrogen (N):
The electron configuration for nitrogen is 1s2 2s2 2p3.
f. Sodium (Na):
The electron configuration for neutral sodium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. The ion Na+ has lost one electron, so the electron configuration becomes 1s2 2s2 2p6.
g. Krypton (Kr):
The electron configuration for krypton is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6.
h. Silver (Ag):
The electron configuration for neutral silver is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d9. Since Ag is a positive ion, it loses one electron, making the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d8.
i. Barium (Ba):
The electron configuration for barium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2.
j. Polonium (Po):
The electron configuration for neutral polonium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4. The ion Po3- would gain three electrons, altering the electron configuration.
k. Uranium (U):
The electron configuration for uranium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f3 6d1 7p6.
l. Sodium ion (Na+):
As mentioned earlier, the sodium ion loses one electron, so its electron configuration becomes 1s2 2s2 2p6.
m. Bromide ion (Br-):
Since the bromide ion gains one electron, the electron configuration changes to 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6.
n. Bohrium (Bh):
The electron configuration for bohrium is not yet fully determined since it's a synthetic element. However, based on its position in the periodic table, it would follow the pattern of the transition metals, starting with 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d2.
o. Ununoctium (Uuo):
The electron configuration for ununoctium, also known as oganesson, is not fully determined due to its synthetic nature. As an element in the noble gases group, it is presumed to have a full valence shell.