Which list shows the phases of matter in order from the greatest kinetic energy to the least kinetic energy per particle
The list of phases of matter in order from the greatest kinetic energy to the least kinetic energy per particle is as follows:
1. Plasma
2. Gas
3. Liquid
4. Solid
The list showing the phases of matter in order from greatest to least kinetic energy per particle is as follows:
1. Gas: Gas molecules have the highest kinetic energy as they have the most freedom of movement and are not constrained by any fixed position or arrangement.
2. Liquid: Liquid molecules have moderate kinetic energy. They possess some freedom of movement but are more closely packed compared to gas molecules.
3. Solid: Solid particles have the least kinetic energy. They are tightly packed and confined to a fixed position, resulting in minimal movement.
To determine the order of phases of matter based on kinetic energy per particle, we need to understand the concept of kinetic energy and how it relates to different states of matter.
Kinetic energy refers to the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. In the context of phases of matter, it is related to the average speed of the particles in the substance. Generally, particles in a substance move faster as they gain energy and slower as their energy decreases.
Based on the understanding of kinetic energy and the behavior of particles, the order of phases from the greatest kinetic energy to the least kinetic energy per particle is:
1. Plasma: Plasma has the highest kinetic energy per particle among all the phases of matter. It consists of highly energized charged particles (ions and electrons) moving rapidly. Plasma is typically found at extremely high temperatures or in high-energy environments such as stars or lightning.
To create plasma, you need to heat a gas to extremely high temperatures or ionize it by applying a strong electric field.
2. Gas: Gas has the next highest kinetic energy per particle. The particles in a gas move freely, independently, and at high speeds. They have enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces and occupy the entire volume of their container. Examples of gases include air, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
To obtain a gas, you can either vaporize a liquid or increase the temperature and lower the pressure of the substance.
3. Liquid: Liquid has lower kinetic energy per particle compared to gas. In liquids, particles have enough energy to move around and have some freedom of motion, but they are closer together and have stronger intermolecular forces compared to gas particles. Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape, as they take the shape of their container. Examples include water, oil, and alcohol.
Liquids are obtained by cooling gases or compressing solids.
4. Solid: Solid has the least kinetic energy per particle. Particles in a solid are tightly packed, have the least freedom of movement, and vibrate in fixed positions. The intermolecular forces in solids are stronger, holding the particles together in a rigid structure. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Examples include ice, iron, wood, and rocks.
Solids are formed by cooling liquids or through the process of crystallization.
In summary, the order of phases of matter from the greatest to the least kinetic energy per particle is: Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Solid.