Which statement correctly describes the mesosphere? Atmospheric changes in this layer cause weather at earth’s surface, meteors burn up in this layer to create shooting stars, commercial airplanes fly through this layer, or the northern lights are visible in this layer
The statement "the northern lights are visible in this layer" correctly describes the mesosphere.
What happened in the cities of Baltimore and New Orleans that shows the young United States had problems in its relationship with other nations?
The cities of Baltimore and New Orleans were involved in significant events that highlight the difficulties the young United States faced in its relationship with other nations:
1. Baltimore: The War of 1812 witnessed an important event in Baltimore known as the Battle of Fort McHenry. In this battle, which occurred during the British attack on Baltimore in September 1814, the British bombarded Fort McHenry by sea. However, the American defenders successfully withstood the attack, and the British eventually retreated. This event, particularly the resilience shown by the American forces and the defense of Baltimore, inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry." This poem later became the lyrics for "The Star-Spangled Banner," the U.S. national anthem. The Battle of Fort McHenry showcased the young nation's determination to protect its cities and defend itself against foreign invasions.
2. New Orleans: The Battle of New Orleans took place in January 1815 during the War of 1812. It involved a British attempt to seize the city of New Orleans, which was a critical port for trade and commerce. Under the leadership of General Andrew Jackson, American forces (including regular soldiers, militia, and local volunteers) successfully repelled the British invasion. The battle was a significant victory for the United States, as it boosted American morale and demonstrated its ability to defend its territories against powerful overseas powers. This victory also further solidified U.S. control over the Louisiana Purchase territory, which had been acquired from France in 1803.
These events in Baltimore and New Orleans during the War of 1812 highlight the challenges faced by the United States in its early years, including defending its cities and asserting its independence from foreign powers.
The statement "Meteors burn up in this layer to create shooting stars" correctly describes the mesosphere.
The statement that correctly describes the mesosphere is: "Meteors burn up in this layer to create shooting stars."
To understand why meteors burn up in the mesosphere, let's break down the layers of the Earth's atmosphere and explain each one:
1. Troposphere: This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 7-20 kilometers (4-12 miles) in altitude. It is where weather phenomena, such as clouds, precipitation, and storms, occur.
2. Stratosphere: Above the troposphere, extending from about 20 to 50 kilometers (12 to 31 miles) above the surface, lies the stratosphere. This layer contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and blocks a significant portion of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
3. Mesosphere: The mesosphere is located above the stratosphere, generally spanning from 50 to 85 kilometers (31 to 53 miles) above the Earth's surface. In this layer, the temperature decreases with altitude, reaching extremely cold temperatures. The mesosphere is also where meteors, which are objects from outer space that enter the Earth's atmosphere, burn up. As meteors travel through the mesosphere, the friction with air molecules causes them to heat up and vaporize, creating the glowing streaks commonly known as shooting stars.
4. Thermosphere: Above the mesosphere, from approximately 85 kilometers (53 miles) and beyond, is the thermosphere. This layer is known for being very hot, despite the extremely thin air. It is here that the northern lights, also called the aurora borealis, are visible. The northern lights occur when charged particles from the Sun's solar wind collide with atoms and molecules in the thermosphere, resulting in colorful light displays.
In summary, the statement "Meteors burn up in this layer to create shooting stars" correctly describes the mesosphere.