iif packets arrives out of order do all of the packets need tot be sent again so they can pieced together
When packets arrive out of order, it is not necessary to resend all of the packets. Instead, the receiver can reassemble the packets based on the sequence numbers or other identifiers present in each packet's header. This process is handled by the transport layer protocols, such as TCP, which ensure reliable delivery of packets and in-order delivery to the application layer. The receiver buffers the out-of-order packets until it receives all the necessary packets to reconstruct the message or data. Then, it can forward the whole message to the application layer. Only the missing or out-of-order packets need to be retransmitted when required.
No, not all of the packets need to be sent again if they arrive out of order. In a packet-switched network, each packet is usually sent individually and contains information about its position in the data stream. When packets arrive out of order at the destination, they can be rearranged using the sequence number or other information present in the packet headers. This process is called reordering.
If the out-of-order packets are successfully reordered at the destination, they can be further processed and pieced together to reconstruct the original data stream. In some cases, if a packet is missing or cannot be successfully reordered, it may need to be retransmitted by the sender to ensure the complete and accurate delivery of the data. However, not all packets need to be retransmitted, only the missing or damaged packets.
When packets arrive out of order, it is generally not necessary to send all the packets again. Instead, the receiver can use the sequence number present in each packet to reorder them before reassembly. This process is typically handled by the transport layer protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Here's a simplified explanation of how packets are reordered and reassembled:
1. Packets are sent from the source to the destination over a network.
2. Each packet contains a sequence number indicating its position in the data stream.
3. If some packets arrive out of order at the destination, the receiver uses the sequence number to identify the correct order.
4. The receiver temporarily holds the out-of-order packets in a buffer.
5. Once all the packets have been received or after a certain time period, the receiver reassembles the packets in the correct order using their sequence numbers.
6. The reassembled data can then be passed to the receiving application.
By using sequence numbers and reordering packets, it avoids the need to resend all the packets, thus minimizing network overhead.
It's worth noting that not all protocols provide automatic reordering and reassembly of out-of-order packets. For instance, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) does not handle these issues by default, as it is connectionless and lacks built-in mechanisms for reordering or retransmission. In such cases, it would be the responsibility of the application layer to handle packet reordering and reassembly if required.