In 3-5 sentences, summarize how the change of state from ice to water is affected by the relationship between kinetic energy and the forces of attraction
The change of state from ice to water is affected by the relationship between kinetic energy and the forces of attraction. In ice, the forces of attraction between water molecules are strong, causing them to be closely packed and move in a fixed position with low kinetic energy. As heat is added, the molecules gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly, which weakens the forces of attraction and causes the ice to melt into water. The increase in kinetic energy overcomes the forces of attraction, allowing the water molecules to flow and move freely.
Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container, while gases take the shape of their entire container. The shape solids take, however, is independent of their container. In 3–5 sentences, explain these patterns.
The shape of liquids taking the shape of the bottom of their container is a result of their ability to flow and move freely. The fluidity of liquids allows them to conform to the shape of their container due to the weak forces of attraction between their particles. In contrast, gases exhibit high kinetic energy and the forces of attraction between their particles are even weaker. This enables them to spread out and occupy the entire volume of their container, adopting its shape. Solids, on the other hand, have strong forces of attraction that hold their particles in a fixed position, resulting in a definite shape that is independent of the container they are in.
Properties Unit Test 18 of 2018 of 20 Items Question Liquid water can be separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas through electrolysis. 1 mole of hydrogen gas and 0.5 moles of oxygen gas is produced from 1 mole of liquid water collected in separate 10 L containers at 1 atm. Will the temperatures of the gases be equal? In one to two sentences, use the ideal gas law to explain your answer.
According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure. Since both containers are under the same pressure (1 atm) and contain the same number of moles of gas, the temperatures of the gases will be equal.
Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) reacts with water according to the following equation. H2Se + H2O → SeH– + H3O+ In three to five sentences, identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in this reaction. Use patterns in the periodic table to explain why the substances you identified acted as the acid and the base in this reaction.
In this reaction, H2Se acts as the acid and donates a proton (H+) to water. Water, in turn, acts as the base and accepts the proton to form H3O+. The conjugate acid of H2Se is SeH-, as it gained a proton from the water. The conjugate base is H3O+, as it lost a proton.
The identification of H2Se as the acid is based on the fact that it is a molecule of a nonmetal (hydrogen) bonded to a highly electronegative nonmetal (selenium), and it can easily donate a proton due to the polarity of the H-Se bond. Water acts as a base due to its ability to accept a proton and form H3O+. Overall, the reactivity of H2Se and water as acid-base pairs can be explained by the trends in the periodic table, where electronegative elements like selenium readily form acids by donating a proton, while molecules like water that can form hydrogen ions (protons) act as bases.
Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) reacts with water according to the following equation. H_2Se + H_2O → SeH^– + H_3O^+ In three to five sentences, identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in this reaction. Use patterns in the periodic table to explain why the substances you identified acted as the acid and the base in this reaction.
In the given reaction, H2Se acts as the acid, as it donates a proton (H+) to water, which acts as the base. The conjugate acid formed is SeH-, while the conjugate base formed is H3O+. The identification of H2Se as the acid is based on the fact that it can readily donate a proton due to the presence of a polar covalent bond between hydrogen and selenium. Water acts as the base because it can accept the proton and form H3O+.
The reactivity of H2Se and water as acid-base pairs can be explained by the trends in the periodic table. Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal located in Group 16 (also known as the oxygen family) of the periodic table. Elements in this group have a tendency to gain electrons and act as electron acceptors, making it more likely to donate a proton and act as an acid. Conversely, water, which is an oxygen compound, has the ability to accept a proton and form H3O+, acting as a base. This reaction demonstrates the acid-base behavior based on the electronegativity and electronic properties of the elements involved.