1. Which graph represents the relationship between final velocity of a dropped baseball, before striking the ground, and the starting height of the baseball?(1 point)
Responses
Question 2
2. The picture shows a baseball moving through the air after it is thrown.
Which graph shows how the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) of the baseball changes as it moves?
(1 point)
Responses
Question 3
3. When an object is in motion, it possesses what type of energy?(1 point)
Responses
chemical energy
chemical energy
kinetic energy
kinetic energy
thermal energy
thermal energy
potential energy
potential energy
Question 4
4. In the diagram below, two objects of the same size and mass are released from rest at the starting position. Object 1 was released before Object 2 was released. The diagram below shows the positions of Objects 1 and 2 a short time after both were released.
Which object in the figure has the least amount of kinetic energy?
(1 point)
Responses
Object 1
Object 1
Object 2
Object 2
Both objects have the same amount of kinetic energy.
Both objects have the same amount of kinetic energy.
Neither object has any kinetic energy.
Neither object has any kinetic energy.
Question 5
5. An object’s gravitational potential energy depends on the object’s mass, the strength of the gravitational field, and what other variable?(1 point)
Responses
the color of the object
the color of the object
the object's height from the ground
the object's height from the ground
the shape of the object
the shape of the object
the speed of the object
the speed of the object
Question 6
6. If you are at an amusement park and you ride a slingshot, how does your potential energy compare to your kinetic energy at the top of the shot?
(1 point)
Responses
The kinetic energy is twice the amount of potential energy.
The kinetic energy is twice the amount of potential energy.
Kinetic energy is greater than potential energy.
Kinetic energy is greater than potential energy.
The kinetic energy is less than potential energy.
The kinetic energy is less than potential energy.
The kinetic energy and potential energy are the same.
The kinetic energy and potential energy are the same.
Question 7
7. In an investigation of energy transfer, a student observes a roller coaster at locations A, B, C, and D. Then she creates the graph below of the roller coaster’s potential and kinetic energy at each location.
Which statement is true according to the graph?
(1 point)
Responses
The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.
The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.
The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.
Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.
Question 8
8. The pendulum in the diagram below swings from position A to B.
If we don’t consider friction, what happens to the total mechanical energy as the pendulum swings from position A to position B?
(1 point)
Responses
It remains the same
It remains the same
It becomes greater.
It becomes greater.
It is not conserved
It is not conserved
It declines
It declines
Question 9
9. Rebecca climbs the ladder of a large water slide, waits her turn at the top, and then slides down the slide into a pool. Which answer best describes the energy changes during her time on the slide?(1 point)
Responses
kinetic → potential → kinetic
kinetic → potential → kinetic
kinetic → mechanical → potential
kinetic → mechanical → potential
potential → kinetic → potential
potential → kinetic → potential
potential → mechanical → kinetic
potential → mechanical → kinetic
Question 10
10. Kim is upstairs, but walks downstairs to the kitchen for a snack. Which statement correctly describes the types of energy she has at the top of the stairs and as she walks down the stairs?(1 point)
Responses
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
Question 11
11. The picture below shows a pinwheel that Bobby has in his front yard.
Often Bobby sees his pinwheel spinning, but other times it does not spin. Which statement best explains what makes his pinwheel spin?
(1 point)
Responses
Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.
The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.
Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
Question 12
12. Jennifer uses different forms of energy when she gets ready for school in the morning. Which table below correctly shows the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions?(1 point)
Responses
Question 13
13. The picture illustrates the solar panels that power all of the appliances in Joshua's house. What energy transformations occur that enable Joshua to bake cookies for his family in the oven? (1 point)
Responses
light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
heat energy → chemical energy → light energy
heat energy → chemical energy → light energy
light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy
light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy
heat energy → light energy → heat energy
heat energy → light energy → heat energy
Question 14
14. As energy is transferred or conserved, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work. What happens to this unavailable energy?(1 point)
Responses
The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
The unavailable energy is destroyed
The unavailable energy is destroyed
The unavailable energy is conducted
The unavailable energy is conducted
The unavailable energy is given off as heat
The unavailable energy is given off as heat
Question 15
15. Betsy uses an electric alarm clock to wake up for school. What energy transformation happens in the alarm clock to help her wake up?(1 point)
Responses
chemical energy converts to electrical energy
chemical energy converts to electrical energy
sound energy converts to kinetic energy
sound energy converts to kinetic energy
electrical energy converts to sound energy
electrical energy converts to sound energy
electrical energy converts to heat energy
electrical energy converts to heat energy
Question 16
16. An aluminum block has a starting temperature of 300oC. The block is placed into 200 milliliters of water, which has a temperature of 20oC. What heat transfer will occur?(1 point)
Responses
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.
Question 17
17. Two samples of pure water are mixed with food coloring. One sample is red, and the other is blue. When the two water samples are combined, the red water floats on top of the blue water. Which statement best explains this result? (1 point)
Responses
The red water is warmer and is less dense.
The red water is warmer and is less dense.
The red water is colder and is more dense.
The red water is colder and is more dense.
The blue water is colder and is less dense.
The blue water is colder and is less dense.
The blue water is warmer and is more dense.
The blue water is warmer and is more dense.
Question 18
18. Which investigation would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium?(1 point)
Responses
an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles
an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles
an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid
an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid
an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid
an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid
an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
Question 19
19. Convection ovens cook food more evenly than a standard thermal oven. Which statement explains how a convection oven works?(1 point)
Responses
Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.
Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.
Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.
Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Question 20
20. People use oven mitts to avoid getting burns when moving hot metal pans while cooking. Which physical property of the metal pan requires the use of an oven mitt when it is hot?(1 point)
Responses
Low magnetism
Low magnetism
Low thermal conductivity
Low thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity
High solubility
High solubility
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1. It is not possible to determine the graph without additional information.
2. Graph C represents how the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) of the baseball changes as it moves.
3. When an object is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy.
4. Object 2 has the least amount of kinetic energy.
5. An object's gravitational potential energy depends on its height from the ground.
6. The kinetic energy is greater than potential energy at the top of the shot.
7. The roller coaster's kinetic and potential energy change from location to location, but its total energy remains the same.
8. The total mechanical energy remains the same as the pendulum swings from position A to position B.
9. The energy changes during Rebecca's time on the slide are kinetic → potential → kinetic.
10. Kim has potential energy at the top of the stairs and kinetic energy as she walks down.
11. The pinwheel spins because energy from the wind pushes on the wheel.
12. The correct table showing the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions is:
Action Energy Used
Brushing teeth Electrical, gravitational, and mechanical
Eating breakfast Chemical
Using a hairdryer Electrical and thermal
Putting on clothes Elastic potential and gravitational potential
13. The energy transformations that occur to enable Joshua to bake cookies in the oven are light energy → electrical energy → heat energy.
14. The unavailable energy becomes heat.
15. The energy transformation in the alarm clock to help Betsy wake up is electrical energy → sound energy.
16. Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
17. The red water floats on top of the blue water because the red water is less dense.
18. An investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium.
19. A convection oven works by transferring hot air through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
20. The use of an oven mitt is required when a metal pan is hot because metal has high thermal conductivity.
1. The graph that represents the relationship between the final velocity of a dropped baseball, before striking the ground, and the starting height of the baseball is a linear graph. As the starting height increases, the final velocity also increases.
2. The graph that shows how the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) of the baseball changes as it moves is as follows:
- At the highest point of the motion, the potential energy is maximum and the kinetic energy is minimum.
- As the baseball moves downward, the potential energy decreases and the kinetic energy increases.
- At the lowest point of the motion, the potential energy is minimum and the kinetic energy is maximum.
- The graph would show a decreasing curve for potential energy and an increasing curve for kinetic energy.
3. When an object is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy.
4. Object 1 has the least amount of kinetic energy because it is higher above the ground compared to Object 2. The kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to its height above the ground.
5. An object's gravitational potential energy depends on the object's height from the ground.
6. At the top of the slingshot ride, the potential energy is maximum, and the kinetic energy is minimum. Therefore, the potential energy is greater than the kinetic energy.
7. According to the graph, the roller coaster's kinetic and potential energy change from location to location, but its total energy remains the same. The roller coaster converts between potential and kinetic energy as it moves along the track.
8. When the pendulum swings from position A to position B, the total mechanical energy remains the same. In the absence of friction, there are no external forces acting on the pendulum to change its total mechanical energy.
9. Rebecca's energy changes on the water slide in the following sequence: potential energy → kinetic energy.
10. Kim's energy at the top of the stairs is potential energy, and as she walks down the stairs, her energy changes to kinetic energy.
11. Bobby's pinwheel spins because energy from the wind pushes on the wheel, causing it to move.
12. Jennifer uses electrical energy to power her electric alarm clock, sound energy to hear the alarm, and light energy to see in the morning.
13. The energy transformations that occur in Joshua's house to enable him to bake cookies in the oven are as follows: light energy from the Sun is converted into electrical energy by the solar panels, and this electrical energy is then converted into heat energy by the oven.
14. The unavailable energy becomes heat energy. It is transformed into thermal energy and dissipates into the surroundings.
15. The energy transformation in Betsy's alarm clock is electrical energy converting to sound energy, which awakens her.
16. Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature.
17. The red water floats on top of the blue water because it is less dense. Density differences cause the separation of the two colors.
18. An investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium.
19. A convection oven works by transferring hot air through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks. This creates a more even cooking process.
20. The physical property of high thermal conductivity requires the use of an oven mitt when a metal pan is hot. High thermal conductivity means that heat is transferred quickly from the pan to the oven mitt, which can cause burns if not protected.