Distinguish between the four main Earth system spheres. Which of the following contains solid rock below and at Earth’s surface?(1 point)
Responses
lithosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
The four main Earth system spheres include the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
The lithosphere refers to the rigid outermost layer of the Earth, which includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. It contains solid rock below and at Earth's surface.
The hydrosphere is the sphere that includes all of Earth's water, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water vapor in the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is composed of various gases and extends from Earth's surface up to about 600 kilometers.
The biosphere is the sphere that encompasses all living organisms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It includes all parts of the Earth where life can exist, such as the land, water bodies, and some parts of the atmosphere.
Among these four main Earth system spheres, the lithosphere contains solid rock below and at Earth's surface.
Which statement correctly explains a condition that leads to Earth’s different climates?(1 point)
Responses
The sun is located in the middle of Earth’s orbit.
The sun is located in the middle of Earth’s orbit.
Earth is the second planet from the sun.
Earth is the second planet from the sun.
Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from a true vertical orientation.
Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from a true vertical orientation.
Earth rotates around the sun.
The statement that correctly explains a condition that leads to Earth's different climates is "Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from a true vertical orientation." This axial tilt is responsible for the change in seasons and the variation in the amount of solar radiation different regions of the Earth receive throughout the year, which ultimately leads to the different climates experienced on Earth.
Which latitude would receive the most direct solar radiation on the spring equinox?(1 point)
Responses
the equator
the equator
the Arctic Circle
the Arctic Circle
the South Pole
the South Pole
the Tropic of Capricorn
The latitude that would receive the most direct solar radiation on the spring equinox is the equator. During the spring equinox, the sun is directly overhead at noon along the equator, resulting in the most direct solar radiation at this latitude.
How would studying a volcanic eruption help you investigate cooler temperatures on Earth?(1 point)
Responses
Volcanic eruptions eject sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfuric acid, which then reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
Volcanic eruptions eject water vapor, which reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
Volcanic eruptions eject carbon dioxide, which reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
Volcanic eruptions eject tsunamis, which reflect incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.