what are characteristics of living organisms
2. Levels of organization (meaning ung mga atom )
3. What are the biomolecules
1. Characteristics of living organisms:
- Cellular organization: Living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life.
- Metabolism: Living organisms can obtain and use energy for growth, development, and reproduction.
- Response to stimuli: Living organisms can respond to changes in their environment.
- Homeostasis: Living organisms can maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
- Growth and development: Living organisms can grow and develop throughout their lifetime.
- Reproduction: Living organisms can reproduce, either asexually or sexually, to produce offspring.
- Adaptation: Living organisms can adapt to their environment over time through genetic changes.
2. Levels of organization:
- Atom: The basic unit of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Molecule: A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
- Cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms.
- Tissue: A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
- Organ: Composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific task.
- Organ system: A group of organs that work collectively to perform a particular bodily function.
- Organism: A single individual with all its levels of organization working together.
3. Biomolecules:
Biomolecules are organic compounds found in living organisms. They can be classified into four major groups:
- Carbohydrates: Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1, and are major sources of energy.
- Proteins: Complex macromolecules composed of amino acids, which serve various functions such as enzymes, transport, structure, and defense.
- Nucleic acids: Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.
- Lipids: Hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids, and serve as a source of energy, insulation, and protection.
1. Characteristics of living organisms:
a) Cellular Organization: All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of life.
b) Metabolism: Living organisms exhibit metabolic activities by acquiring energy from food or sunlight and using it to carry out various cellular processes.
c) Growth and Development: Living organisms have the ability to grow and develop, which involves an increase in size and complexity.
d) Response to Stimuli: Living organisms can respond to external stimuli or changes in their environment, adapting to these changes to survive.
e) Reproduction: Living organisms can reproduce, either sexually or asexually, to create new individuals of their own kind.
f) Homeostasis: Living organisms maintain a stable internal environment, regulating their internal conditions to survive in different external environments.
g) Adaptation: Living organisms have the ability to adapt to changes in their surroundings over generations, enhancing their chances of survival and reproduction.
2. Levels of organization:
Atoms > Molecules > Organelles > Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ Systems > Organisms > Populations > Communities > Ecosystems > Biosphere
Atoms are the building blocks of matter and combine to form molecules. Molecules can be simple (e.g., water) or complex (e.g., DNA). Organelles are functional components within cells that perform specific functions. Cells are the smallest units of life and can exist as single-celled organisms or as building blocks of multicellular organisms. Tissues are groups of specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function. Organs are structures composed of different tissues, working together to carry out specific functions. Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform overall functions for the organism. Organisms are individual living beings. Populations consist of multiple individuals of the same species living in the same area. Communities include populations of different species living in the same area. Ecosystems encompass all living organisms and non-living components interacting within a particular area. The biosphere includes all ecosystems on Earth.
3. Biomolecules:
Biomolecules are molecules present in living organisms that are essential for various biological processes. They include:
a) Carbohydrates: Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a major source of energy and provide structural support.
b) Proteins: Complex molecules composed of amino acids. They have various functions, including structural support, enzymatic reactions, transportation, and defense.
c) Lipids: Hydrophobic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They function as energy storage, insulation, and structural components of cell membranes.
d) Nucleic Acids: Large molecules that store and transmit genetic information. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic instructions, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) is involved in protein synthesis.
e) Enzymes: Specialized proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells, regulating cellular processes.
These biomolecules are essential for the functioning and survival of living organisms.