The offical population of some states increased, while the populations of others decreased. As a result, the nmber of U.S. Representatives allocated to these states chagned. (What type of interaction does the underlined phrase show?)

The underlined phrase shows a cause and effect relationship. The change in population resulted in a change in the allocation of U.S. Representatives to these states.

The underlined phrase "the populations of others decreased" shows a cause and effect interaction.