find the number of electrons with the value of azimuthal quantum number L=1 for Cd+2
The value of azimuthal quantum number, L, determines the shape of the orbital:
- L = 0 corresponds to s orbital
- L = 1 corresponds to p orbital
- L = 2 corresponds to d orbital
- L = 3 corresponds to f orbital
Since we are looking for the number of electrons with L = 1 for Cd+2, we need to determine the electron configuration of Cd+2 first.
The atomic number of Cd (Cadmium) is 48, so it has 48 electrons in its neutral state. When Cd loses two electrons to form Cd+2, it will have 46 electrons remaining.
The electron configuration of Cd in its ground state is [Kr]5s^24d^10.
When Cd loses two electrons, the electron configuration of Cd+2 becomes [Kr]4d^10.
The 4d subshell has an azimuthal quantum number L = 2, which means there are 10 electrons in that subshell.
For L = 1 (p orbital), there are three p orbitals: px, py, and pz. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
Therefore, the number of electrons with L = 1 for Cd+2 is 3 p orbitals × 2 electrons per p orbital = 6 electrons.
So, the number of electrons with L = 1 for Cd+2 is 6.
To find the number of electrons with the value of azimuthal quantum number (L) equal to 1 for Cd+2, we need to determine the electron configuration of the Cd+2 ion.
Step 1: Determine the electron configuration of the neutral atom (Cd).
The atomic number of Cadmium (Cd) is 48. The electron configuration for a neutral cadmium atom is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶
Step 2: Determine the charge of the Cd+2 ion.
Cd+2 is a 2+ ion, which means it has lost two electrons. So, for Cd+2, we remove 2 electrons from the neutral cadmium atom.
The electron configuration for Cd+2 is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰
Step 3: Count the number of electrons with the value of L = 1.
For L=1, the possible subshells are 2p and 3p. From the electron configuration of Cd+2, we can see that there are no electrons in the 2p subshell, but there are a total of 6 electrons in the 3p subshell.
Therefore, the number of electrons with L = 1 for Cd+2 is 6.