Before the modern times science was dominated by
religion and philosophical beliefs.
Before modern times, science was dominated by philosophical and religious beliefs. In ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, knowledge about the natural world was often based on mythologies and religious texts rather than systematic observation and experimentation.
During the Middle Ages, science was heavily influenced by the teachings of the Catholic Church, which held a dominant position in society. Scientific knowledge was often limited to what was compatible with religious dogma, and many scientific ideas were suppressed if they contradicted religious beliefs.
However, there were also individuals throughout history who made important contributions to scientific knowledge despite these constraints. For example, ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Plato laid the foundation for scientific thinking and inquiry. They emphasized observation and logical reasoning as methods for understanding the natural world.
The Renaissance period marked a significant shift in scientific thought. During this time, there was a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman knowledge, leading to a revival of scientific inquiry. Prominent figures like Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton challenged prevailing beliefs about the nature of the universe and made groundbreaking discoveries that laid the foundation for modern science.
It was during the Enlightenment era in the 17th and 18th centuries that the scientific method began to emerge as a systematic approach to studying the natural world. Philosophers such as Francis Bacon and René Descartes emphasized the importance of empirical evidence and reasoning based on observation and experimentation.
Overall, before modern times, science was primarily dominated by religious and philosophical beliefs. However, there were also individuals and periods in history that laid the groundwork for the development of modern science as we know it today.