1)Give two functions of the mucus along the alimentary canal.
2)Differentiate between assimilation and absorption.
3)Name a food that helps peristalsis
4)What are the end products of light stage
5)What are the end products of dark stage.
1) The two functions of mucus along the alimentary canal are:
- Lubrication: Mucus helps to lubricate the food particles, making it easier for them to move through the digestive system.
- Protection: Mucus helps to protect the lining of the alimentary canal from acidic substances, enzymes, and mechanical damage.
2) Assimilation and absorption are two different processes in digestion:
- Assimilation: Assimilation refers to the process by which digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body's cells to support various physiological functions.
- Absorption: Absorption refers to the process by which the digested nutrients and water are taken up by the cells lining the small intestine and transferred into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.
3) A food that helps peristalsis is fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and helps stimulate the muscle contractions of peristalsis, promoting regular bowel movements.
4) The end products of the light stage of photosynthesis are ATP (adenosine triphosphate), NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and oxygen. During the light stage, light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.
5) The end products of the dark stage (or Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis are glucose and other organic molecules. During the dark stage, ATP and NADPH produced in the light stage are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions.
1) The two functions of mucus along the alimentary canal are:
a) Lubrication: Mucus helps to lubricate the food, making it easier to swallow and move along the digestive tract.
b) Protection: Mucus forms a protective layer on the inner lining of the alimentary canal. This layer helps to prevent damage from stomach acids and digestive enzymes.
2) Assimilation and absorption are two different processes in the digestive system.
a) Assimilation refers to the process by which nutrients are taken up by the cells of the body and incorporated into the body's own structures and processes. It involves the conversion of food molecules into molecules that can be used by the body for energy or growth.
b) Absorption, on the other hand, is the process by which nutrients are taken up from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. It occurs primarily in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed through the lining of the intestine and transported to other parts of the body.
3) A food that helps peristalsis is fiber. Fiber is not digested by the body and adds bulk to the stool. This bulk stimulates the muscles of the digestive tract, including the muscles responsible for peristalsis, making it easier for food to move through the digestive system.
4) The end products of the light stage (light-dependent reactions) of photosynthesis are:
a) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - a molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
b) NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) - a molecule that carries high-energy electrons.
c) Oxygen (O2) - a waste product released into the atmosphere.
5) The end products of the dark stage (light-independent reactions or Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis are:
a) Glucose (C6H12O6) - a simple sugar that provides energy for cellular activities.
b) Other organic compounds, such as starch, cellulose, and sucrose, which are needed for growth and development in plants.