Which laws protects citizens from human rights violations?
There are several laws and documents that protect citizens from human rights violations:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948, which lays down a set of basic rights for all human beings.
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is an international agreement that commits its parties to protect the civil and political rights of individuals.
3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is an international treaty that commits states to protect the economic, social, and cultural rights of individuals.
4. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) is an international treaty that prohibits torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.
5. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty that commits states to eliminate discrimination against women in all areas of life.
6. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty that commits states to protect the rights of children.
7. Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols are international humanitarian law agreements that protect civilians and prisoners of war during times of armed conflict.
8. National Constitutions and Human Rights Acts are laws and documents adopted by states that protect the rights of their citizens.
There are several laws and international agreements that aim to protect individuals from human rights violations. Here are some examples:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, it sets out fundamental human rights that should be protected globally.
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR): This treaty, also adopted by the United Nations, guarantees civil and political rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.
3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR): This treaty focuses on economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to work, education, and healthcare.
4. European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR): This treaty, enforced by the European Court of Human Rights, protects human rights in European countries, including the right to a fair trial, freedom of expression, and freedom from torture.
5. American Convention on Human Rights: Also known as the Pact of San Jose, this convention protects human rights in the Americas and is enforced by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
6. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Adopted by the African Union, this charter ensures the protection of human rights on the African continent.
Additionally, many countries have their own domestic laws and constitutions that safeguard human rights. These laws often include provisions regarding equality, non-discrimination, privacy, and freedom of speech. It's important to note that the specific laws protecting citizens may vary depending on the country and regional contexts.