Which of the following are contributing factors to de facto segregation in America today?
judicial rulings and political parties
executive action and interest groups
state legislation and public opinion
housing patterns and economic opportunity
housing patterns and economic opportunity.
The contributing factors to de facto segregation in America today include:
1. Housing patterns: Segregation often occurs due to residential segregation, where communities are divided along racial or ethnic lines. Historical factors, such as redlining and discriminatory lending practices, have contributed to the concentration of certain racial or ethnic groups in specific neighborhoods.
2. Economic opportunity: Disparities in economic opportunities, such as access to quality education and employment, can perpetuate segregation. Limited access to resources and opportunities may result in certain communities being unable to move out of segregated neighborhoods.
3. Judicial rulings and political parties: While de jure segregation (segregation by law) has been outlawed, some judicial rulings and political parties' stances may inadvertently contribute to de facto segregation. For example, the relaxation of desegregation orders may allow for the resegregation of schools.
4. State legislation: State legislation, including zoning laws and policies related to affordable housing, can impact patterns of segregation. Some policies may perpetuate the concentration of certain populations in specific areas.
5. Public opinion: Public attitudes and biases can influence the perpetuation of de facto segregation. Implicit biases, prejudice, and social norms can shape individual preferences for living in racially or ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods.
6. Executive action and interest groups: Historically, executive actions by government agencies have influenced segregation patterns. Additionally, the interests and actions of advocacy groups or community organizations can contribute to the maintenance of segregated communities.